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SANTA ANA COLLEGE UNIT ONE
SKULL
Frontal bone
1. Supraorbital foramen (supraorbital notch)
2. Coronal suture
3. Frontal sinuses
4. Superior orbital fissure (skip)
5. Supercilliary arch
6. Zygomatic process
Parietal bones
1. Sagittal suture
2. Squamous suture
Occipital bone
1. Occipital condyles
2. Foramen magnum (for spinal cord and vertebral arteries)
3. Hypoglossal canal (for hypoglossal nerve) (skip)
4. Lambdoidal suture
Occipital bone
1. Occipital condyles
2. Foramen magnum (for spinal cord and vertebral arteries)
3. Hypoglossal canal (for hypoglossal nerve)
4. Lambdoidal suture
Temporal bones
1. External auditory meatus (eternal acoustic meatus)
2. Mastoid process
3. Mastoid sinuses (skip)
4. Styloid process
5. Zygomatic process
6. Carotid canal (skip)
7. Petrous portion
8. Jugular foramen (skip)
9. Internal auditory meatus (internal acoustic meatus)
10. Squamous portion (skip)
11. Mandibular fossa
Ethmoid bone
1. Cribiform plate (for olfactory nerves)
2. Crista galli
3. Perpendicular plate
4. Ethmoid sinuses
5. Middle nasal conchae
6. Olfactory foramina
7. Lateral masses
8. Superior nasal conchae
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Sphenoid bone
1. Sella turcica
2. Greater wings
3. Lesser wings
4. Pterygoid processes
5. Optic foramen (for optic nerve)
6. Foramen ovale
7. Foramen rotundum
8. Sphenoid sinuses
9. Superior orbital fissure
10. Foramen lacerum (skip)
11. Foramen spinosum
Mandible
1. Ramus
2. Coronoid process
3. Condylar process
4. Mandibular notch (skip)
5. angle (skip)
6. Body (skip)
7. Mental foramen
8. Alveolar process
Maxilla
1. Palatine process
2. Zygomatic process
3. Maxillary sinuses
4. Infraorbital foramen (skip)
5. Frontal process
6. Inferior nasal concha
7. Alveolar process
Zygomatic bones
1. Temporal process
Nasal bones
Vomer bone
Palatine bones
1. Maxillary Process
FETAL SKULL
1. Anterior fontanel
2. Posterior fontanel
3. Anterolateral fontanel
4. Posterolateral fontanel
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VERTEBRAE
CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
All cervical vertebrae have a pair of TRANSVERSE FORAMINA.
1. Spinous process
2. Transverse processes
3. Lamina (skip)
4. Body
5. Pedicle (skip)
6. Vertebral foramen
7. Intervertebral disc (skip)
8. Intervertebral foramina
9. Superior articular processes
10. Inferior articular processes
11. Vertebral notch
Two of the cervical vertebrae have special names.
ATLAS (C-1). It holds up the head.
AXIS (C-2).
It has a projection on it called the DENS, which acts as an axel for the rotation of the head.
THORACIC VERTEBRAE
Each one articulates with a rib.
1. Spinous process
2. Transverse processes
3. Lamina (skip)
4. Body
5. Pedicle (skip)
6. Vertebral foramen
7. Intervertebral disc (skip)
8. Intervertebral foramina
9. Superior articular processes
10. Inferior articular processes
11. 6 articular facets for ribs on each thoracic vertebra
LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
1. Spinous process
2. Transverse processes
3. Lamina (skip)
4. Body
5. Pedicle (skip)
6. Vertebral foramen
7. Intervertebral disc (skip)
8. Intervertebral foramina
9. Superior articular processes
10. Inferior articular processes
SACRUM and COCCYX (don’t need to know structures)
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BONY THORAX
HYOID BONE
STERNUM
MANUBRIUM
Jugular notch (skip)
Clavicular notch (skip)
Costal notches (skip)
BODY
XIPHOID PROCESS
COSTAL CARTILAGES
RIBS
TRUE RIBS
FALSE
FLOATING RIBS
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Facets for articulation (skip)
4. Costal cartilage
5. Tubercle
6. Superior margin
7. Inferior margin
LOWER EXTREMITY
OS COXA: The fusion of 3 bones during childhood:
1. Acetabulum (articulates with femur)
2. Obturator foramen
3. Pelvic inlet (skip)
4. Pelvic outlet (skip)
5. Pubic symphysis
ILIUM
1. Iliac crest
2. Iliac fossa (skip)
3. Anterior superior iliac spine
4. Anterior inferior iliac spine
5. Posterior superior iliac spine
6. Posterior inferior iliac spine
7. Greater sciatic notch
8. Body
9. Auricular surface
ISCHIUM
1. Ischial spine
2. Ischial tuberosity
3. Lesser sciatic notch
4. Body
5. Ramus
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PUBIS
1. Pubic symphysis
2. Pubic arch (skip)
3. Crest
4. Superior Ramus
5. Inferior Ramus
FEMUR
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Greater trochanter
4. Lesser trochanter (skip)
5. Gluteal tuberosity (skip)
6. Lateral and medial condyles
7. Lateral, medial epicondyle (skip)
8. Linea aspera
9. Popliteal surface
TIBIA
1. Lateral condyle
2. Medial condyle
3. Tibial tuberosity
4. Medial malleolus (skip)
5. Anterior crest (skip)
6. Intercondylar eminence
7. Plateau (flat-top on proximal surface)
8. Plafond (flattened distal surface, articulates with Talus)
FIBULA
1. Head
2. Lateral malleolus
3. Body
TARSALS:
TALUS
CALCANEUS
CUNEIFORMS (1st, 2nd, 3rd, from medial to lateral)
You can SKIP THESE TARSALS:
NAVICULAR
CUBOID
METATARSALS (numbered 1-5 from medial to lateral)
PHALANGES
PATELLA
1. Base
2. Apex
3. Articular facet for lateral femoral condyle
4. Articular facet for medial femoral condyle
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UPPER EXTREMITY
CLAVICLE (collar bone)
1. sternal extremity (end) –flat end
2. acromial extremity (end) –rounded end
3. conoid tubercle –near round end (skip)
SCAPULA (shoulder blade).
1. Superior border (superior margin) (skip)
2. Medial border (vertebral margin)
3. Lateral border (axillary margin)
4. inferior angle
5. superior angle (skip)
6. Scapular spine
7. Acromion process (skip)
8. Coracoid process (skip)
9. Scapular notch (suprascapular notch)
10. Glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa)
11-13. supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, subscapular fossa (skip)
HUMERUS.
1. Head
2. Greater tubercle
3. Lesser tubercle
4. Surgical neck
5. Anatomical neck
6. Intertubercular groove (skip)
7. Deltoid tuberosity
8. Nutrient foramen (skip)
9. Lateral epicondyle
10. Medial epicondyle
11. Olecranon fossa
12. Trochlea (medial condyle)
13. Capitulum (lateral condyle; articulates with radius)
14. Coronoid fossa
15. Radial fossa
ULNA
1. Olecranon process
2. Coronoid process
3. Radial notch
4. Semilunar notch (trochlear notch)
5. Styloid process
6. Head
7. Ulnar tuberosity
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RADIUS
1. Head
2. Radial tuberosity
3. Styloid process
4. Neck
5. Ulnar notch
6. Body
CARPALS (You can SKIP ALL THESE CARPAL NAMES)
METACARPALS; They are numbered 1-5 (thumb is #1).
PHALANGES: Proximal, middle, distal (thumb lacks middle phalanx)
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