Download Тема NUMERALS The numeral is a part of speech which indicates

Тема NUMERALS
The numeral is a part of speech which indicates number or the order of persons
and things in a series. Accordingly numerals are divided into cardinal numerals
and ordinal numerals.
Cardinal numerals indicate number: one, two, fourteen, twenty-two, three
hundred etc.
Ordinal numerals indicate order: first, second, sixth, fortieth fifteenth, thirtythird, thousandth etc.
1 The numerals dozen, hundred, thousand and million are always preceded
by the indefinite аarticle a or the numeral one. The latter (one) is generally used
when these numerals are followed by some other numerals:
A hundred but one hundred and seventeen (117);
A thousand but one thousand six hundred and thirty (1630).
2 A dozen, a hundred, a thousand, a million and billion have no final -s
when the exact amount is meant. This also happens after several and a few:
three hundred copies, five thousand citizens, three dozen of eggs a few million
years ago, several thousand mile.
3 When we say dozens (of), hundreds (of), thousands (of), millions (of),
billions (of), we do not mean any exact number but only a great multitude of
persons or things:
hundreds of dollars, thousands of demonstrators, millions of years ago.
Singular forms are used as modifiers before nouns in plural measuring
expressions:
a five-pound note, a six-mile walk, a two-hour lesson, a three-month-old baby,
a five-foot tall woman, a four-foot deep hole, a two-week holiday.
Dates and Years
4 Dates are usually spoken or read aloud as ordinal numbers, and years are
expressed in groups of ten:
a) June 1, 1977 – (US) June first, nineteen seventy-seven;
b) 1 June 1977 (GB) the first of June nineteen seventy-seven.
What day is it?
It is the twenty-sixth of February (GB).
It’s February twenty-sixth (US) – 2/26/1978.
Callas packed up and wrote a letter to her godfather dated March 7, 1975.
This verdict was announced on October 31, 1968.
Simple Mathematical Terms
5 Common ways of saying calculation in English are:
a) How much is (are) 8 and 2? 8+ 2 =10;
8 and 2 is (are) 10;
b) How much is 12 from 20? 20 – 12 = 8;
12 from 20 is 8. (or leaves 8);
c) How much is 5 times 5? 5 x 5= 25;
5 times 5 is 25;
d) How much is 7 multiplied by 3? 7 x3 = 21;
7 multiplied by 3 is 21;
e) How much is 5 into 20? 20 ÷5 =4;
5 into 20 is 4 (or goes 4);
f) How much is 100 divided by 2? 100 ÷2=50;
100 divided by 2 is 50;
Fractions
6 Common fractions are read in the following way:
1/3 = one third, 3/8 = three eighths, 5/12 = five twelfths
Decimal fractions are read as:
2,5 = two point five, 0,64 = naught point sixty-four, 7,09 = seven point naught
nine.
Areas
7 We say, for example, that a room is twelve feet by fifteen feet, or that a
garden is thirty metres by forty-eight metres. A room twelve feet by twelve feet
can be called twelve feet square: the total area is 144 square feet:
The dining room was forty square metres.