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Тема NUMERALS The numeral is a part of speech which indicates number or the order of persons and things in a series. Accordingly numerals are divided into cardinal numerals and ordinal numerals. Cardinal numerals indicate number: one, two, fourteen, twenty-two, three hundred etc. Ordinal numerals indicate order: first, second, sixth, fortieth fifteenth, thirtythird, thousandth etc. 1 The numerals dozen, hundred, thousand and million are always preceded by the indefinite аarticle a or the numeral one. The latter (one) is generally used when these numerals are followed by some other numerals: A hundred but one hundred and seventeen (117); A thousand but one thousand six hundred and thirty (1630). 2 A dozen, a hundred, a thousand, a million and billion have no final -s when the exact amount is meant. This also happens after several and a few: three hundred copies, five thousand citizens, three dozen of eggs a few million years ago, several thousand mile. 3 When we say dozens (of), hundreds (of), thousands (of), millions (of), billions (of), we do not mean any exact number but only a great multitude of persons or things: hundreds of dollars, thousands of demonstrators, millions of years ago. Singular forms are used as modifiers before nouns in plural measuring expressions: a five-pound note, a six-mile walk, a two-hour lesson, a three-month-old baby, a five-foot tall woman, a four-foot deep hole, a two-week holiday. Dates and Years 4 Dates are usually spoken or read aloud as ordinal numbers, and years are expressed in groups of ten: a) June 1, 1977 – (US) June first, nineteen seventy-seven; b) 1 June 1977 (GB) the first of June nineteen seventy-seven. What day is it? It is the twenty-sixth of February (GB). It’s February twenty-sixth (US) – 2/26/1978. Callas packed up and wrote a letter to her godfather dated March 7, 1975. This verdict was announced on October 31, 1968. Simple Mathematical Terms 5 Common ways of saying calculation in English are: a) How much is (are) 8 and 2? 8+ 2 =10; 8 and 2 is (are) 10; b) How much is 12 from 20? 20 – 12 = 8; 12 from 20 is 8. (or leaves 8); c) How much is 5 times 5? 5 x 5= 25; 5 times 5 is 25; d) How much is 7 multiplied by 3? 7 x3 = 21; 7 multiplied by 3 is 21; e) How much is 5 into 20? 20 ÷5 =4; 5 into 20 is 4 (or goes 4); f) How much is 100 divided by 2? 100 ÷2=50; 100 divided by 2 is 50; Fractions 6 Common fractions are read in the following way: 1/3 = one third, 3/8 = three eighths, 5/12 = five twelfths Decimal fractions are read as: 2,5 = two point five, 0,64 = naught point sixty-four, 7,09 = seven point naught nine. Areas 7 We say, for example, that a room is twelve feet by fifteen feet, or that a garden is thirty metres by forty-eight metres. A room twelve feet by twelve feet can be called twelve feet square: the total area is 144 square feet: The dining room was forty square metres.