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The American Revolution
Ch 4
Section 1 - Review
• In 1740 the French and British
built forts in the Ohio River
Valley to claim the territory
which led to the French and
Indian War
• The British formed a conference
called the Albany Plan of Union that
united the colonies to help push out
the French, led by Ben Franklin
• This was the first time the colonies
were united for anything
• In 1756 the fighting spread to
Europe as the Seven Years War
• The turning point in America
was the British victory at
Quebec
• The Treaty of Paris ended the
war in 1763 and eliminated
most all French power in North
America.
Colonial Discontent
• The war put the British into
debt
• Britain wanted the colonies to
help pay the debt
• The Sugar Act was the first
attempt to do so
Sugar Act
• The act…
• Taxed sugar, silk, wine, coffee,
pimento, and indigo
• Colonists argued “taxation
without representation” in
Parliament
Other Acts
• Stamp Act – taxed printed
material, the first direct tax
placed on the common man
• Quartering Act – forced colonist
to house British troops in their
homes to pay for their defense
The Townshend Acts
• Revenue Act – allowed for
general search warrants called
writs of assistance
• British began to seize property
without due process
Colonial Protest
• The protests were led by
a group called the Sons of
Liberty
• Originally started by Isaac
Sears
• Led by Samuel Adams
• The colonist boycotted all
British goods and passed nonimportation laws against
British Acts
• On March 5, 1770 British troops
fired on colonist in Boston and
killed five in the Boston
Massacre
Section 2
• 1772 the British sent the
Gaspee, a customs ship, to
patrol North American
waters.
• The ship runs aground and
is seized by colonist and
burned
• The British took suspects back
to England for trial
• Colonist felt this was a violation
of their right to trial by jury
• Thomas Jefferson
created the
Committee of
Correspondence for
colonies to talk to
each other about
Britain
Tea Act / Tea Party
• The British East India company
was going bankrupt
• In 1773 Parliament passed the
Tea Act to tax tea from the
Dutch and force colonist to buy
from them
• In December 1773, colonist dumped
342 chests of East India Tea into the
Boston Harbor
• This became known as the Boston
Tea Party
Proclamation of 1763
• King George of England drew a
line from north to south along
the Appalachian Mountains and
declared that colonist couldn’t
settle west of the line without
permission
Intolerable Acts
• Coercive Acts – four new laws
passed by the British in
response to the Boston Tea
Party
• Quebec Act – gave more land to
Quebec and made it harder for
colonist to move west
First Continental
Congress
• Met in Philadelphia in 1774
• Wrote the Declaration of Rights
and Grievances – which gave
loyalty to the king but
condemned the Intolerable Acts
Revolution Begins
• The town of Concord created
the first Minutemen militia
• The colonist split into 2 groups
• Loyalist – (Tories) those still loyal
to the king
• Patriots – (Whigs) wanted
independence
Lexington and Concord
• April 18, 1775 British Gen. Gage
wanted the arms stockpile at
Concord
• Lexington was on the way
• Paul Revere and William Dawes
were sent to warn that “the
Red Coats were coming”
Second Continental
Congress
• After the victory delegates met
to address the issue of defense
• The Congress adopted the
militia and named it the
Continental Army with
Washington as it’s General
• Battle of Bunker Hill – huge boost
to American confidence that they
could stand up to the British army
• Olive Branch Petition –
Continental Congress tried to
make peace with King George
• Jan 1776 Thomas Paine wrote
the pamphlet “Common Sense”
calling for independence
• July 4th, 1776 Thomas
Jefferson’s Declaration of
Independence was approved by
the Continental Congress
declaring themselves the United
States of America
The Colonies
• Advantages
• Fighting on home
ground
• Good generals
• Fighting for freedom
• French Alliance
• Disadvantages
• Untrained, small army
• Food & Ammo
shortages
• Weak, divided central
govt.
British
• Advantages
• Well-trained, wellsupplied military
• Wealth of resources
• Strong central govt.
• Disadvantages
• Fighting in unfamiliar,
hostile territory
• Fighting far away
from Britain and
resources
• Troops indifferent,
little support at home
Northern Campaign
• British Strategy
• British Seizure of New York (build up
NY &separate NE from other colonies)
− Crossing the Delaware River– Surprise attack on Christmas by
Washington (small victories helped morale)
• British Capture of Philadelphia
• Continental Congress escaped
• Washington winters at Valley Forge
− Morale of soldiers was low (food/cold)
− Lafayette/Von Steuben train soldiers
• Battle of Saratoga-turning point
• American victory(morale boost)
• France enters the war
War at Sea
• American Naval Strategy
• Attacked merchant ships & fleet
• Issued Letters of Marque
− Licenses to private ship owners
authorizing them to attack Br. Merchant
ships
• John Paul Jones
• famous Am. Naval Commander of
the Bonhomme Richard
• “I have not yet begun to fight
• Victory over British
Southern Campaign
• Strong Loyalist support
• Fall of Savannah and Charles Town
• Turning Point in the South
• British tactics did not work-could
not subdue the “overmountain”
men
• Battle that was turning point:
− King’s Mountain
• Famous Am. Soldier who led the way:
− Francis Marion (Swamp Fox)
American Victory
• British General Cornwallis tries
to take Virginia
• American Victory at Yorktown
• Final settlement to end war:
• Treaty of Paris 1783
• Recognition of the United States with
Mississippi River as its western
border