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Isolation & Speciation Speciation Allopatric Speciation Squirrels of the Grand Canyon separated by the Colorado River N S Kaibab squirrel (Sciurus aberti kaibabensis) Abert squirrel (Sciurus aberti aberti) Reproductive Isolation: Habitat Rana aurora (Red-legged frog) Rana catesbiana (Bullfrog) fast-moving, ephemeral streams permanent ponds Reproductive Isolation is KEY!! Reproductive Isolation: Temporal Reproductive Isolation: Behavioral Rana utricularia (Southern Leopard Frog) Reproductive Isolation: Mechanical Adaptive Radiation - evolution of many new species from a common ancestor introduced to new and diverse environments Rana catesbiana (Bullfrog) Reproductive Isolation: Gamete Incompatibility Predation and Coevolution Coevolution - When the populations of two species interact and changes of the gene pool of one species leads to the change of the gene pool of the other species. Butterfly and the Passion Vine Archaen Proterozoic Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic Fake Eggs!! Mullerian Mimicry Batesian mimicry Analogous Structures Felis catus Species Felis Genus Felidae Family Classification Carnivora Order Mammalia Class Eukarya Domain Felis catus (domestic cat) Genus Felis Family Felidae Mephitis mephitis (striped skunk) Mephitis Lutra lutra (European otter) Canis familiaris (domestic dog) Lutra Canis lupus (wolf) Canis Mustelidae Order Dumb King Philip Came Over For Grape Soda Animalia Kingdom Species Mnemonic devise Chordata Phylum Canidae Carnivora Taxa Ingroup (Mammals) Outgroup (Reptiles) Duck-billed platypus Red kangaroo North American beaver Vertebral column Long gestation Hair, mammary glands Miocene Millions of years ago Hair, mammary glands Gestation Sun bear Sloth bear Spectacled bear Giant panda Raccoon Lesser panda 15 20 25 30 Ursidae Procyonidae 35 1 Vertebral column American black bear 10 Gestation 2 Asiatic black bear Pliocene Long gestation 3 Polar bear Pleistocene Characters Oligocene Eastern box turtle Brown bear 40 Common ancestral carnivorans Anthropoids Millions of years ago Humans Chimpanzees Gorillas Orangutans Hominoids (apes) Gibbons Old World monkeys 20 New World monkeys 10 Lorises, pottos, and lemurs 0 Tarsiers Monkeys Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia 30 40 50 60 Earliest organisms Ancestral primate Prokaryotes Eukaryotes