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Atomic Structure Vocabulary Finding your way around the atom! Atom The smallest particle of an element. Means “uncuttable.” Nucleus Center of the atom. Contains protons and neutrons. Proton Particle in atom with a positive charge. Located inside the nucleus. Electron Particle in atom with a negative charge. Located outside the nucleus. Neutron Particle in atom with no charge (neutral). Located inside the nucleus. Atomic Number The number of protons in an atom. Mass Number The number of protons and neutrons in an atom. Ion An atom with a charge. Number of protons does not equal number of electrons. Isotope Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Atomic Mass Average mass number of all isotopes of an element.