Download Chapter 16 words Population genetics

Chapter 16 words
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Population genetics- The study of evolution using genetics.
Microevolution- a change in the genetic material in a population.
Bell curve- a chart that shows the ranges of heights of organisms in the same species.
Gene pool- describes all the genetic information in a population.
Allele frequency- is the chance (in percent or decimal) that gametes will carry on a certain allele.
Phenotype frequency- is the phenotype divided by the total individuals in the population.
Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium- assumptions on an ideal hypothetical population that is
evolving.
Immigration- movement into a population.
Emigration- movement out of a population.
Gene flow- genes moving from one population to another.
Genetic drift- when allele frequencies in a population change in chance or random events.
Sexual selection- females choosing males based on certain traits.
Stabilizing selection- organisms that have an average form of a trait have better fitness.
Disruptive selection- organisms that have an extreme form of a trait have better fitness.
Directional selection- organisms that have an extreme form of a trait have better fitness than
organisms that have an average form of a trait.
Speciation- how species form.
Morphology- structure and appearance of an organism.
Biological species concept- a concept created by Ernst Mayr.
Geographic isolation- the physical separation of the members of a population.
Allopatric isolation- species having different homelands based on geographic isolation.
Reproductive isolation- barriers to successful breeding of a species in the same area.
Prezygotic isolation- happens before fertilization.
Postzygotic isolation- happens after fertilization.
Sympatric isolation- two subpopulations get reproductively isolated in the same geographic
area.
Gradualism- the idea that speciation forms at a slow, gradual rate.
Punctuated equilibrium- change occurring over a few thousand, (as opposed to a few million)
years.