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OBSERVATION AND MEASUREMENT
observations
senses
instruments
measurement
inferences
classification
property
matter/substance
expand/contract
freeze/melt
phase
interface
cyclical change
non-cyclical change
equilibrium
dynamic equilibrium
pollutants
powers of ten
percent deviation (percent error)
line graph
independent variable
dependent variable
bar graph
pie chart
direct relationship
inverse relationship
Models of the Earth
atmosphere
axis
biosphere
contour line
coordinate system
crust
crust
day
elevation
equator
globe
gradient
gravity
hachure line
horizon
hydrosphere
inner core
isobar
isoline
isotherm
landform
latitude
lithosphere
local (solar) time
longitude
mantle
map
meridian of longitude
mesosphere
oblate spheroid
outer core
ozone layer
parallel of latitude
Polaris
poles (North and South)
prime meridian
profile
revolution
rotation
stratosphere
thermospere
time zones (stadard time)
topographic map
troposphere
year
MINERALS, ROCKS, AND RESOURCES
atoms of elements (e.g., oxygen, silicon)
molecules of compounds (e.g., quartz, feldspar)
mixture (e.g, rocks, air)
mineral
physical and chemical properties
color
streak
crystal shape
crystal size
hardness
Mohs hardness scale
density
cleavage
fracture
luster
reactivity with acid
fluorescence
magnetism
silicates
silica tetrahedron
non-silicates
igneous rock
magma
lava
rock texture
extrusive
volcanic
fine-grained
glassy texture
concoidal
intrusive
plutonic
coarse-grained
felsic
mafic
sedimentary rock
sediments
clastic
chemical sedimentary rocks
organic sedimentary rocks
inorganic sedimentary rocks
precipitation
evaporite
compression
fossil
metamorphic rock
foliation
pressure
regional metamorphism
contact metamorphism
resources
rock cycle
ore
renewable
nonrenewable
weathering
Earth layers, earthquakes, plate tectonics, and
volcanoes
layers
lithosphere
crust
continental crust
granite
oceanic crust
basalt
magnetic patterns
mantle
Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho)
asthenosphere
outer core
inner core
tectonic plates
continental drift
plate dynamics
convection
convective circulation
density
plate boundaries
convergent plate boundary
subduction
trench
island arc
divergent plate boundary
spreading center
mid-ocean ridge
mid-ocean rift
hot spot
transform plate boundary
passive margin
down-warping
deposition
depositional basin
earthquakes
fault
epicenter
focus
focal depth
seismic
seismic waves
seismometer
seismograph
compressional wave (P-wave)
shear wave (S-wave)
velocity
refraction
shadow zone
Ring of Fire
earthquake intensity
Richter scale
Mercalli scale
volcanoes
magma
lava
igneous rock
composite volcano
cinder cone
shield volcano
landforms
folded mountain range
fault block mountain range
volcanic mountain range
dome mountains
geologic hazard
tsunami
rock cycle
dynamic geologic system
Shaping the Surface
agents of erosion
barrier islands
beaches
channel shape
chemical weathering
contours
delta
deposition
discharge
dissolve (in water)
drumlins
erosion
erratic
escarpments
finger lakes
freeze-and-thaw
glaciers
gradient
gravity
grooves in bedrock
hooks (spits)
ice (glaciers)
ice wedging
kettle lakes
landform
longshore current
meander
moraine
mountains
outwash plain
parallel scratches in bedrock
physical weathering
plain
plateau
profile
react (with acid)
ridges
runnng water
sandbars
soils
stream drainage patterns
till
topographic maps
U-shaped valleys
valleys
V-shaped valley
watershed
waves
weathering
wind
Water Cycle and Groundwater
capillary fringe
cloud
condensation
dew
dewpoint
evaporation
groundwater
icecap
infiltration
lake
ocean
permeability
porosity
precipitation
river/stream
runoff
sublimation
transpiration
water cycle
water table
well
zone of aeration
zone of saturation
Earth History
stratigraphy
rock record
uniformitarianism
superposition
original horizontality
correlation
cross-cutting relationships
extrusion
intrusion
faulting
folding
volcanic ash layer
erosion
unconformity
inclusion
fossil record
index fossil
extinction
evolution
geologic time scale
relative dating
absolute dating
isotope
radioactive decay
half-life
meteoritic debris
outgassing
red-shift (Doppler effect)
Big Bang
Weather and Climate
Weather
Climate
heat energy
insolation
radiation
conduction
convection
weather instruments
weather variables
temperature
thermometer
air pressure
barometer
wind speed and direction
anemometer
wind vane
relative humidity
saturation
dew point
psychrometer
wet bulb - dry bulb temperatures
wet bulb
depression
precipitation
rain gauge
clouds
weather radar
weather satellite
radiosonde
synoptic weather mapstation model
isobars
isotherms
gradient
prediction (forecast)
probability
air mass
continental air mass
maritime air mass
tropical air mass
polar air mass
front
cold front
warm front
occluded front
stationary front
cyclone (low pressure system)
anti-cyclone (high pressure system)
hazardous weather
storm track
thunderstorm
tornado
hurricane
monsoon
typhoon
global wind and pressure belts
jet stream
radiative balance
Coriolis effect
greenhouse effect
El Nino
La Nina
land breeze
sea breeze
specific heat
latent heat
orographic
leeward
windward
adiabatic cooling/heating
thermals
Earth and Space (Astronomy)
energy
radiation
convection
conduction
insolation
Sun
rotation
Foucault pendulum
Coriolis effect
day
apparent path of Sun
angle of insolation (angle of incidence)
duration of insolation
revolution
orbit
year
ellipse
focus (pl. foci) of an ellipse
focal length (of ellipse)
major axis (of ellipse)
perihelion
aphelion
apparent diameter (of Sun, Moon,
celestial objects)
orbital velocity
seasons
equinoxes
coordinate system (latitude and
longitude)
axis of rotation
axial tilt
North Pole
South Pole
equator
prime meridian
horizon
altitude
zenith
Polaris
Angle of Polaris above horizon
(observer's latitude)
local time (solar time)
time zones
Universal (Greenwich) Time
solar system
gravity
telescope
planets
terrestrial planets
Jovian planets
satellites
comet
asteroid
asteroid belt
meteors
impact crater
impact event
mass extinctions
global climate change (as related to
impact events)
outgassing
moon phases
tides
eclipse
solar eclipse
lunar eclipse
star
nebula
nuclear fusion
luminosity
Main Sequence star
Red Giant star
supernova explosion
White Dwarf star
constellation
Milky Way galaxy
spiral galaxy
Doppler Effect (red shift)
red shift (Doppler Effect)
microwave background radiation
retrograde motion
Big Bang theory
Universe