Download EES-EssentialVocab

Earth/Environmental Essential Vocabulary
10 pt informal grade for Friday,part of the Toal Informal grade. Turn in what you get done!!
Total Grade: 40 point informal and 20 point formal with possible extra formal points.
Can be done on notebook paper or Notecards. Due on EXAM DAY!
Astronomy
1. Nebular Hypothesis &
accretion
2. Big Bang Theory (supported by Hubble’s Law)
3. Kepler’s Laws (3 of them)
4. Rotation
vs.
revolution
5. Nutation
&
precession
6. Causes of seasons?
7. Barycenter
8. Equatorial bulge
9. Fission
vs.
fusion
10. Electromagnetic spectrum:
11. Doppler effect:
12. Solar wind
all wave types
frequency/energy, wavelength
redshift/blueshift
sunspots
13. Earth’s magnetic field (function of and impacts from solar flares)
14. Universe, galaxy, solar system, planets, moons (ID and understanding of size relationships)
Plate Tectonics
15. Mantle convection
16. Magma
ridge push
vs.
slab pull
lava
17. Richter magnitude vs.
moment magnitude
18. Seismic waves:
Primary
19. Oceanic crust
vs.
secondary
surface
continental crust
20. Ocean trench
ocean ridge
volcanic chain
21. rift valley
mountain range
hot spot
22. Convergent
divergent
transform plate boundaries
23. Faults (reverse, strike-slip, normal)
24. Subduction
25. Geohazards:
26. Epicenter
lahar
vs.
landslide
tsunami
focus
Landforms: Appalachian Mountains, fall zone, shorelines, barrier islands, valleys
Rocks, Weathering, Erosion, Soil
27. Erosion:
including problems (Dust Bowl, landslides)
mitigation strategies(contour plowing, terracing, mountainside netting)
Features from wind erosion (examples: dunes, Monument Valley)
Features from water erosion (examples: canyons, v-shaped valleys, flood plains)
Features from ice erosion (examples: u-shaped valleys, glacial lakes)
28. Abrasion
29. Mechanical weathering
30. Chemical weathering
31. Mitigation strategies for beach erosion: artificial stabilization (groins, seawalls, breakwaters),
beach nourishment
planting vegetation/beach grass
Water
32. Water cycle: evaporation, condensation, transpiration, infiltration, runoff
33. Aquifers:
confined aquifer
34. cone of depression
vs.
unconfined aquifer
ground subsidence
water table
35. Groundwater contaminants: salt-water intrusion
arsenic
landfill leachate
36. River basin/drainage basin/watershed
divide, continental divide
37. Wetland/estuary
38. Water quality: Wastewater, stormwater, sedimentation, eutrophication, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity
Oceans & Atmosphere
39. Neap tide
vs.
spring tide
40. Surface currents
deep/thermohaline currents
41. Coriolis effect
42. Waves
43. Specific heat capacity (related to water and impacts on climate/weather)
44. Layers of the atmosphere: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
45. Ozone Hole: (effects and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs))
46. Windward coast
47. Land breeze vs.
vs.
leeward coast
(Geography and weather impacts)
sea breeze
48. Heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation
49. Electromagnetic radiation: ultraviolet light, visible light, thermal infrared radiation
50. Light emission/ transmission
scattering
absorption
Meterology
51. Air pressure
52. relative humidity
53. cloud condensation nuclei
54. dew point
55. barometer
psychrometer
thermometer
56. isotherm/ isobar
57. High pressure system
characteristics)
vs.
low pressure system
(Air movement and weather
58. Fronts: cold, warm, occluded, stationary
59. Clouds: cumulus, stratus, cirrus
60. Storms: Thunderstorm (cumulus, mature, and dissipating stages)
Tornado
(storm cell)
Hurricane
(eye of hurricane)
Updraft/down draft
wind shear
Climate & Energy
61. Weather
vs.
climate
62. Köppen climate classification (temperate, tropical, polar), latitude, altitude
63. El Niño/La Niña
64. volcanic eruptions (effects on climate?)
65. sunspots (effects on climate?
66. Milankovitch cycles (effects of precession & nutation in terms of climate change?)
67. Greenhouse effect/greenhouse gases: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane
68. Carbon cycle: photosynthesis, respiration, deforestation, plankton, ocean acidification, coral reefs
69. Albedo
heat island
70. Anthropogenic
&
green roof
mitigate
71. Thermal expansion (of sea water)/sea level rise
72. Fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, natural gas
73. Acid rain
74. Alternative energy, solar, wind, biofuel, photovoltaic, hydroelectric, hydrogen fuel, tidal power,
geothermal energy
75. Turbine
&
Generator
76. nuclear fission
vs.
nuclear fusion
Radioactive
Sustainability & Ecology
77. Agriculture &
aquaculture (fish hatchery)
78. Pesticide
fertilizer
&
79. Sustainable
80. Till &
plow
81. crop rotation
&
strip cropping,
82. genetically modified crop,
83. organic
vs.
84. harvest
inorganic
over-harvesting
85. carrying capacity
86. limiting factor
87. individual,population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
88. urbanization, urban sprawl
89. biotic factor vs.
abiotic factor
90. biodiversity
91. habitat alteration
92. invasive species (examples?)
93. genetic variation
94. ecological footprint
95. Reduce, Re-use, Recycle