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SUMMARY OF EDUCATION WITH METHODS QUESTIONS. Two Mark Questions Explain what is meant by the term ‘compensatory’ education. Explain what is meant by the term ‘triangulation’. Explain what is meant by the term ‘ethnocentric curriculum’. Explain what is meant by the term ‘hypothesis’ Explain what is meant by the term ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’. Explain what is meant by the term ‘sampling frame’. Explain what is meant by ‘social solidarity’. Explain what is meant by ‘the self-fulfilling prophecy’. Four Mark Questions Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of a longitudinal study. Suggest two disadvantages that sociologists may find when using unstructured interviews. Suggest two advantages of using official statistics in sociological research. Suggest two problems that researchers may face when actively participating in the group they are studying. Suggest two social factors that could be used in the creation of a stratified sample, apart from class. Suggest two reasons why sociologists may use structured interviews Six Mark Questions Suggest three material factors that might cause working-class educational underachievement. Suggest three ways in which Marxists see school as being similar to the world of work. Suggest three functions that education may perform for individuals or society. Suggest three examples of easy in which pupils’ experiences of schooling help shape their identities. Suggest three examples of how the curriculum and/or the ways school is organised may be ‘ethnocentric’. Twelve Mark Questions Outline some of the reasons why different pupil subcultures exist in schools. Outline some of the ways in which the labelling process may lead to under-achievement for some pupils. Outline some of the reasons for the educational under-achievement of boys. Descriptive Essays Examine the disadvantages some sociologists may find when using official statistics in their research. Examine the extent to which practical issues are the most important when selecting research methods and research topic. Examine the problems sociologists may find when using participant observation in their research. Examine some of the problems that sociologists may encounter when using questionnaires in their research. Examine some of the reasons why some sociologists prefer to collect and use quantitative data in their research. Examine some of the practical, ethical and theoretical problems of using experiments in sociological research. Examine the strengths of quantitative data for sociologists. Evaluative Essays Using material……assess the claim that ‘the main function of education is to maintain a value consensus in society’. Using material……assess the strengths and limitations of one of the following methods for investigating teachers’ attitudes towards minority ethnic pupils: participant observation or questionnaires. Using material……assess the claim that gender differences in educational attainment are primarily the ‘result of changes in wider society’. Using material……assess the strengths and limitations of one of the following methods for investigating the effect of material deprivation on educational achievement: unstructured interviews or official statistics. Using material……assess the view that working-class under-achievement in education is the result of home circumstances and family background. Using material……assess the strengths and limitations of one of the following methods for the study of gender and subject choice: unstructured interviews or official statistics. Using material……assess the functionalist explanation of the role of education in modern society. Using material…….assess the extent to which policies of encouraging competition between schools and increasing parental choice have improved the achievement of working-class pupils.