Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Bot 101 Botany: A Human Concern Macromolecules 4 basic classes Building Blocks of Life cont. Cells Organelles and membranes • • • • • • • Building Blocks of Life Cells and Cell Theory Prokaryotic Cells and Binary Fission Eukaryotic Cells and Mitosis Plasma Membranes Organelles Endosymbiotic Theory Carbohydrates • Most abundant molecules in nature • Primary energy storage molecules • Structural molecules • Contain C, H2 and O • Sugars 4. Nucleic Acids 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Lipids Starch and cellulose are polysaccharides Starch is α linked glucose Fructose and glucose are monosaccharides Cellulose is β linked glucose Sucrose is a disaccharide Proteins Extremely diverse Contain nitrogen Composed of amino acids • building blocks of proteins • 20 found in plants • chains of amino acids can be twisted and folded into 3dimensional shapes Many functions • structural proteins • regulatory proteins • transport proteins • enzymes Lipids Hydrophobic molecules Fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids Function in • energy storage • water proofing • membrane structure • hormones (some) Water is a polar molecule Fats and oils are triglycerides Composed of two kinds of molecules 1. fatty acid tails 2. glycerol head Triglycerides are non polar 1 Fats are saturated and solid at room temperature Oils are unsaturated and liquid at room temperature Phospholipids Formed from: 2 fatty acids A glycerol A phosphate group A choline Tails are hydrophobic Heads are hydrophilic Vegetable oils are mostly cis fats. Trans fats are made during hydrogenation Phospholipids Steroids Nucleic acids • Complex lipid composed of carbon rings • Cholesterol and hormones • Can be found in some plants as secondary products • Help stabilize membranes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (ribonucleic acid) ATP (Adenosine triphospate Primary and Secondary compounds Primary compounds are essential to life and are produced in primary metabolic pathways carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids Secondary compounds are produced along secondary metabolic pathways. Not necessarily required for growth and reproduction terpenes phenolics glycosides alkaloids Terpenes • essential oils • taxol Phenolics • THC • Urishol Alkaloids • caffeine • Ephedrine • Quinine • Morphine • Cocaine • mescaline Glycosides • cyanogenic glycosides • saponin • digitoxin 2
Related documents