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Virgo detector, Cascina, Italy What is LIGO (LSC/GEO/Virgo/…)? Gabriela González, Louisiana State University For the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration LIGO Livingston Observatory, Louisiana, USA LIGO-GXX LIGO Hanford Observatory Washington, USA Gravitational waves Gravitational waves are quadrupolar distortions of distances between freely falling masses. They are produced by time-varying mass quadrupoles. 8pG Gmn = 4 Tmn (= 0 in vacuum) c gmn = hmn + hmn +, x and averaged strain sensitivity LIGO-T970101 LIGO-GXX 2 Not a simple Michelson interferometer! Rep. Prog. Phys. 72 (2009) 076901 arXiv:0711.3041200711 LIGO: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory LIGO-GXX 3 Interferometer Noise Seismic Noise test mass (mirror) Quantum Noise Residual gas scattering "Shot" noise Radiation pressure LASER beamsplitter Wavelength & amplitude fluctuations LIGO-GXX photodiode Thermal (Brownian) Noise 4 (LIGO) Design Noise Limits LIGO-GXX 5 LIGO: Steady progress hrms = 3 10-22 LIGO-GXX GW detector network 2002-2006 LIGO-Hanford,WA X2 GEO-600 Hannover Germany TAMA300 LIGO-Livingston,LA http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/ LIGO-GXX 7 LIGO Scientific Collaboration www.ligo.org Hundreds (800+) of people working on technology for LIGO detectors, producing and analyzing the LIGO/GEO data. Science results LIGO-GXX NSHP/NSBP Conference 8 GW detector network 2005-2010 LIGO-Hanford,WA X2 LIGO-Livingston,LA http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/ LIGO-GXX GEO-600 Hannover, Germany VIRGO Cascina, Italy 9 LSC S5 run (Nov’05-Oct’07) With a 15 Mpc average reach, we expected ~ 1 BNS coalescence every ~50 yrs We were not lucky: data analysis did not find any detections (ligo.org), although we did have a ghost! Predicted observation rates: Class. Quantum Grav. 27 (2010) 173001 S5 (and all) papers in https://www.lsc-group.phys.uwm.edu/ppcomm/Papers.html LIGO-GXX NSHP/NSBP Conference 10 “initial” GW network searches Crab pulsar (NASA, Chandra Observatory) NASA, WMAP ? LIGO-GXX NASA, HEASARC Find all LSC results and publications in www.ligo.org https://www.lsc-group.phys.uwm.edu/ppcomm/Papers.html 11 Enhanced GW detector network 2007-2010 LIGO-Hanford,WA X2 LIGO-Livingston,LA http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/ LIGO-GXX GEO-600 Hannover, Germany VIRGO Cascina, Italy 12 2009/10: Enhanced LIGO, Virgo+ + EM partners LIGO-GXX 2005-2010: binary neutron star reach S6 S5 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A624 (2010) 223 LIGO-GXX NSHP/NSBP Conference 14 Observing Partners During S6/VSR2+3 Radio X-ray and UV/Optical • Mostly (but not all) robotic wide-field optical telescopes Mainly used for following up GRBs, surveying for supernovae and other optical transients "Implementation and testing of the first prompt search for electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave transients” http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.3498 LIGO-GXX 15 “Big Dog event” http://ligo.org/news/blind-injection.php Data from a 3-detector network localized the source (very roughly) near Canis Major. Practiced a system to follow up triggers with EM telescopes/satellites. You can get the detector data and other details: http://ligo.org/science/GW100916/ LIGO-GXX NSHP/NSBP Conference 16 GWs or glitches? H1 S6D, offline vetoes LIGO-GXX 17 GW detector network 2011-2014 GEO-600 Hannover, Germany http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/ LIGO-GXX Present: Advanced LIGO detectors Funding in place, installation already in progress, end of construction in 2015. NOW MREFC Funding Start FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 Acceptance Date FY12 FY13 FY14 Acceptance NSF Date FY15 Design and Development Fabrication De-Install / Installation Construction Project Testing and Integration Interferometer Acceptances Project End Science and Engineering Runs 19 LIGO-GXX GW detector network 2015 LIGO-Hanford,WA X 2? (LIGO: 1-hr lock - ??? Mpc) LIGO-Livingston,LA http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/ LIGO-GXX GEO-600 Hannover, Germany Projected Noise Spectra Orientation-averaged detection range for binary inspirals NS-NS BH-BH (30 M) No SRM 150 Mpc 1.60 Gpc 0-det low P 145 Mpc 1.65 Gpc 0-det high P 190 Mpc 1.85 Gpc NS-NS tuned 200 Mpc 1.65 Gpc case Advanced LIGO shown; Advanced Virgo similar Best guess: will detect dozens per year • Factor of ~10 better amplitude sensitivity than initial detectors Factor of ~1000 greater volume of space LIGO-GXX 21 LIGO detectors: near future! Neutron Star Binaries: Initial LIGO: ~15 Mpc rate ~1/50yrs Advanced LIGO: ~ 200 Mpc “Realistic rate” ~ 40/year Class. Quant. Grav. 27, 173001 (2010) LIGO-GXX 22 (LIGO) Open data release plan LIGO data management plan (public) LIGO-M1000066 (dcc.ligo.org) 2010 2011 2012 2013 L1 2014 H2 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 H1 2.5 years S6 Release 2B: Full Data SE1 SE2 SE3 SE4 SE5 SE6 Engineering Runs NOW Release 2A: Immediate Triggers Release 1: First Detections Dates are “guaranteed no earlier” LIGO-GXX 23 GW detector network 2015+ LIGO-Hanford,WA X 2? LIGO-Livingston,LA http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/ LIGO-GXX GEO-600 Hannover, Germany VIRGO Cascina, Italy LCGT Kamioka mine, Japan LIGO-India? 24 Other GW windows / Virgo LIGO-GXX 25