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Science 10
Chapter 5
5.3 Organic Chemistry
Organic = containing Carbon
Exceptions include:
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
- Carbon Monoxide (CO)
- Ionic Carbonates (ex. CaCO3)
- Carbides (ex. SiC)
Almost always have C-H bonds
Organic molecules almost always have C before H in their formulas. This differentiates organic
compounds from acids, which almost always start with H.
Bohr Model of Carbon (Atomic Number = 6)
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Carbon can form 4 bonds.
This allows for complex structures, like chains or rings, to be formed.
A hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen.
- Hydrocarbons are based on a carbon chain, with hydrogen atoms added on the sides.
- The simplest hydrocarbon is methane (CH4), followed by ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8),
butane (C4H10), and pentane (C5H12). (general formula is H = C x 2 + 2)
All hydrocarbons are flammable, and most are liquids at room temperature.
Science 10
Chapter 5
Draw the first five hydrocarbons
Methane
H
|
H –C–H
|
H
Methane (CH4)
H
|
H –C–H
|
H
Ethane(C2H6)
H H
| |
H –C–C–H
| |
H H
propane (C3H8)
H H H
|
| |
H –C–C–C–H
|
| |
H H H
butane (C4H10),
H H
H H
| |
|
|
H –C–C–C–C–H
| |
|
|
H H H H
pentane (C5H12)
H H
H
| |
|
H –C–C–C–
| |
|
H H H
H
|
C–
|
H
H
|
C–H
|
H
Cyclohexane and Benzene are Hydrocarbon Rings
Alcohols are organic compounds with C, H, and O.
The simplest alcohols are methanol (CH4O), ethanol (C2H6O), and isopropyl alcohol (C3H8O).
Alcohols are very good solvents (they dissolve other substances).
Alcohols are generally very flammable.