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Carbohydrate polysaccharides Composed They of >10 monosaccharaides linked together by glycosidic bond General formula ( C6 H12 O5 ) n Polysaccharides also known as glycan e.g. glycogen, starch and cellulose. polysaccharides The most abundant storag polysaccharides in nature are: Starch in plants Glycogen in animals The most abundant structural polysaccharides in nature are: Cellulose Chitin prosperities of polysaccharides High In molecular Wight soluble in water Not Non sweet in taste reducing sugar polysaccharides Homopolysaccharide Heteropolysaccharide Homopolysaccharide Polymers of only a single kind of monosacchride E.g. glycogen and starch The polymers of glucose is called glucan The polymers of fructose is called fructans Homopolysaccharides Unbranched e.g. Cellulose Branched e.g. Glycogen Heteropolysaccharides Polymers of two or more different types of monosaccharides E.g. mucopolysaccarides Homopolysaccharides of biomedical importance Storage Homopolysaccharides Strutural Homopolysaccharides Storage Homopolysaccharides Starch is homopolysaccharide composed of α-D- glucose It is the most abundant storage polysaccharides in plants It is found in cereals, grains and roots Starch contain of two kind of glucose Amylose ( water soluble, unbranched) Amylopectin ( insoluble in water, branched) Storage Homopolysaccharides Glycogen is branched homopolysaccharide Composed of α-D-glucose It is the most abundant storage polysaccharides in animals The glycogen is branched glucan consist of several branched chains of α-D-glucose units. Strutural Homopolysaccharides Cellulose is unbranched homopolysacchharide it is the most abundant plant structural polysaccharides It is the major component of cell walls of the plant Strutural Homopolysaccharides Chitin is unbranched homopolysacchharide Composed of β-D-N- acetyle-glucosamine it is the most abundant animal structural polysaccharides in nature it is the major component of exoskeleton of arthropods. Other homopolysaccharide inulin is unbranched homopolysaccharide Composed It of D-fructose units is found in onion and garlic Other homopolysaccharide Dextrans is branched homopolysaccharide Composed Low of α- D-glucose units mol.wt. used as plasma expander Heteropolysaccharides Also known as glycosaminoglycans E.g. Mucopolysaccharides Long, unbrranchednegatively charged heteropolysaccharides Composed sugar-acid of alternating units of amino- Heteropolysaccharide Hyaluronic acid Ti is a heteropolysaccharide Composed of alternnating monosaccharide units It is found in skin and synoval fluid of bone It serve as a lubricant and shok absorber in bone joint Heteropolysaccharides Heparin It is composed of alternating monosaccharide units D-glucosamin and D-glucuronic acid It is a natural blood anticoagulant.
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