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CLASSICAL
PERSIAN MUSIC
SECTION 1
HISTORY
IRAN
(Persia)
Area: around 650,000 square miles
Three times larger than France & slightly larger than Alaska
Population: around 77 million
HISTORY OF THE
ART OF MUSIC IN IRAN
and
Radif
HISTORY OF ART IN IRAN
• PRE-ISLAMIC (7th BC until 7th CE)
642 CE : Occupation of Iran by the Arabs
•  ISLAMIC UNTIL TODAY
HISTORICAL PERIODS OF THE ART OF
MUSIC IN IRAN
PRE-ISLAMIC
ISLAMIC
BC CE
Before Common Era After Common Era
BEFORE ISLAM AFTER ISLAM
Jesus
Christ
ISLAM
Today
Zarathustra
PRE-ISLAMIC ISLAMIC
HISTORICAL PERIODS OF THE ART OF
MUSIC IN IRAN
PRE-ISLAMIC
ISLAMIC
BC CE
Before Common Era After Common Era
BEFORE ISLAM AFTER ISLAM
Jesus
Christ
ISLAM
Shiite
Today
Zarathustra
PRE-ISLAMIC ISLAMIC
Republic
Islamic
PRE-ISLAMIC IRAN
Persian Achaemenid Empire
Achaemenid Dynasty: 550 BC - 330 BC
PRE-ISLAMIC MUSIC WAS DIVIDED IN:
360 DASTÂN, 30 LAHN &7 KHOSRAVÂNI
HISTORICAL PERIODS OF THE ART OF
MUSIC IN IRAN
ISLAMIC
(7th century until today)
BC CE
Islamic
Pre Islamic
1
Shiite
1-From 7th century until beginning of Safavid dynasty
in 16th century (Safavid dynasty was from 1502 to1736 CE)
Golden age of Islam
Abbasid Caliphate from
8thcentury till 13thcentury
Muslim scientist and
philosopher of the
Islamic world. He was
also a cosmologist,
logician, musician and
psychologist.
Abū Naṣr
Muḥammad al-Fārābī
872- 950 (9-10th century)
Astronomer,
chemist,
geologist,
hafiz,
Islamic scholar,
mathematician,,
physicist,
poet,
and scientist.
Ibn Sina.
(Avicenna)
980-1037 (10-11th century)
ISLAMIC MUSIC WAS DIVIDED IN:
12 MAGHÂM, 6 ÂVÂZ & 24 SHOBEH
ISLAMIC MUSIC NOTATION
USING ABJAD ALFABETIC LETTERS
HISTORICAL PERIODS OF THE ART OF
MUSIC IN IRAN
ISLAMIC
(7th century until today)
BC CE
Islamic
Pre Islamic
1
Shiite
2
1-From 7th century until beginning of Safavid dynasty
in 16th century (Safavid dynasty was from 1502 to1736 CE)
2-From 16th century until the second half of Ghâjâr
dynasty in 19th (Ghâjâr dynasty was from 1779 to 1925 CE)
Nâsser el-Din
Shâh(1831 – 1896) in
a uniform studded
with diamonds from
the treasury of the
Persian emperors.
Reign: 1848–1896
The Shâh, on his European tour, in the
Royal Albert Hall, London
IN 19TH CENTURY PERSIAN MUSIC
WAS COLLECTED BY Ali Akbar FARÂHÂNI IN
A COMPLEX CALLED Radif WHICH IS
DIVIDED IN:
7 DASTGÂH & 5 ÂVÂZ
Ali Akbar FARÂHÂNI Master of târ
and
his students by Sanio’lmolk-1852
Mirzâ Abdollâh FARÂHÂNI
(1843-1918)
master of târ and setâr
Mirzâ Abdollâh FARÂHÂNI
and his students
Ostâd Ebâdi
(1906-1992)
master of setâr
AHMAD EBÂDI
Master of setâr
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQjBSdvZ-ak
Mirzâ Hossein Gholi FARÂHÂNI
(1851-1915) master of târ
Aliakbar SHAHNÂZI
(1897-1984)
Master of târ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4v4GBZluECM&feature=related
Persian military musicians in Tehran
HISTORICAL PERIODS OF THE ART OF
MUSIC IN IRAN
ISLAMIC
(7th century until today)
BC CE
Islamic
Pre Islamic
1
Shiite
2
3
1-From 7th century until beginning of Safavid dynasty
in 16th century (Safavid dynasty was from 1502 to1736 CE)
2-From 16th century until the second half of Ghâjâr
dynasty in 19th (Ghâjâr dynasty was from 1779 to 1925 CE)
3-From 19th century until 1979 (Islamic Revolution)
HISTORICAL PERIODS OF THE ART OF
MUSIC IN IRAN
ISLAMIC
(7th century until today)
BC CE
Islamic
Pre Islamic
1
Shiite
2
3
1-From 7th century until beginning of Safavid dynasty
in 16th century (Safavid dynasty was from 1502 to1736 CE)
2-From 16th century until the second half of Ghâjâr
dynasty in 19th (Ghâjâr dynasty was from 1779 to 1925 CE)
3-From 19th century until 1979 (Islamic Revolution)
4-From 1979 until Today
4
HISTORICAL PERIODS OF THE ART OF
MUSIC IN IRAN
ISLAMIC
(7th century until today)
BC CE
Islamic
Pre Islamic
1
Shiite
2
3
1-From 7th century until beginning of Safavid dynasty
in 16th century
2-From 16th century until the second half of Ghâjâr
dynasty in 19th
3-From 19th century until 1979 (Islamic Revolution)
4-From 1979 until Today
4
Radif
Dastgâh &
Avâz
Gusheh
{
Open
Closed
Dâng&Pâng
THE REPERTOIRE OF CLASSICAL
PERSIAN MUSIC IS CALLED;
Radif
Radif,
CONTAINS:
12 modal systems:
• 7 main systems called Dastgâh
• 5 derived systems called Âvâz
12 SYSTEMS:
7 main systems
(7 DASTGÂH):
•  MÂHUR
•  SHUR
•  SE-GÂH
•  CHÂHAR-GÂH
•  HOMÂYUN
•  NAVÂ
•  RÂST VA PANJ-GÂH
5 derived systems
(5 ÂVÂZ):
•  BAYÂT-E TORK
•  ABU-ATÂ
•  AFSHÂRI
•  DASHTI
•  BAYÂT-E ISFAHÂN
3 SYSTEMS called SAR-DASTGÂH:
7 main systems
(7 DASTGÂH):
•  MÂHUR
•  SHUR
•  SE-GÂH
•  CHÂHÂR-GÂH
•  HOMÂYUN
•  NAVÂ
•  RÂST VA PANJ-GÂH
5 derived systems
(5 AVAZ):
•  BAYÂT-E TORK
•  ABU-ATÂ
•  AFSH ÂRI
•  DASHTI
•  BAYÂT-E ISFAHÂN
3 SYSTEMS called SAR-DASTGÂH:
7 main systems
(7 DASTGÂH):
•  MÂHUR
•  SHUR
•  SE-GÂH
•  CHÂHÂR-GÂH
•  HOMÂYUN
•  NAVÂ
•  RÂST VA PANJ-GÂH
5 derived systems
(5 ÂVÂZ):
•  BAYÂT-E TORK
•  ABU-ATÂ
•  AFSHÂRI
•  DASHTI
•  BAYÂT-E ISFAHÂN
3 SYSTEMS called SAR-DASTGÂH:
7 main systems
(7 DASTGÂH):
•  MÂHUR
•  SHUR
•  SE-GÂH
•  CHAHAR-GÂH
•  HOMÂYUN
•  NAVÂ
•  RÁST VA PANJ-GÂH
5 derived systems
(5 AVAZ):
•  BAYÂT-E TORK
•  ABU-ATÂ
•  AFSHÂRI
•  DASHTI
•  BAYÂT-E ISFAHÂN
3 SYSTEMS called SAR-DASTGÂH:
7 main systems
(7 DASTGÂH:
•  MÂHUR
•  SHUR
•  SE-GÂH
•  CHÂHÂR-GÂH
•  HOMÂYUN
•  NAVÂ
•  RÂST VA PANJ-GÂH
5 derived systems
(5 AVAZ):
•  BAYÂT-E TORK
•  ABU-ATÂ
•  AFSHÂRI
•  DASHTI
•  BAYÂT-E ISFAHÂN
Three Sar Dastgâh
SAR-DASTGÂH
•  SHUR
•  NAVÂ
•  SE-GÂH (3-Gâh)
•  BAYÂT-E TORK
•  ABU-ATÂ
•  AFSHÂRI
•  DASHTI
•  HOMÂYUN
•  CHÂHÂR-GÂH (4-Gâh)
•  BAYÂT-E ISFAHÂN
MÂHUR
HOMÂYUN
7 main systems
(7 DASTGÂH):
SHUR
and
1
2
3
Three Groups
5 derived systems
(5 ÂVÂZ):
•  MÂHUR
•  RÂST VA PANJ-GÂH (5-Gâh)
SAR-DASTGÂH
5 derived systems
(5 ÂVÂZ):
•  SHUR
•  NAVÂ
•  SE-GÂH (3-Gâh)
•  BAYÂT-E TORK
•  ABU-ATÂ
•  AFSHÂRI
•  DASHTI
MÂHUR
HOMÂYUN
7 main systems
(7 DASTGÂH):
SHUR
SHUR RÂ MÂDAR-E DASTGÂH-HÂ NÂMAND
(SHUR IS CALLED AS THE MOTHER OF THE DASTGAAH-HAA)
1
2
3
SHUR
SHUR
•  HOMÂYUN
•  CHÂHÂR-GÂH (4-Gâh)
SHUR
•  MÂHUR
•  RÂST VA PANJ-GÂH (5-Gâh)
•  BAYÂT-E ISFAHÂN