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Download Lab 4: Bone and Joint Anatomy
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 6.2 Articular cartilage Epiphysis Epiphyseal plates in juveniles Epiphyseal lines in adults Spongy bone Compact bone Medullary cavity (contains red marrow in juveniles and yellow marrow in adults) Diaphysis Diaphysis Periosteum Endosteum Young bone Adult bone (a) (b) Osteons (haversian systems) Endosteum Inner layer Periosteum Outer layer Compact bone Central canals Spongy bone with trabeculae Connecting vessels Medullary cavity (c) Adult bone Fig. 6.4 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Compact bone Spongy bone Spaces containing bone marrow and blood vessels (a) Trabeculae Osteoblast Osteoclast Osteocyte Trabecula Lamellae (b) Canaliculus Fig. 6B Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Osteoporotic bone Normal bone © Dr. Michael Klein/Peter Arnold, Inc/Photolibrary. com. Fig. 6.3 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Osteon Concentric rings of lamellae Central canal Osteon Lamellae on surface of bone Lamellae between osteons Periosteum Blood vessel within the periosteum Blood vessels connecting to a central canal Blood vessels within a central (Haversian) canal Canaliculi LM 400x (a) Canaliculi Lacunae (b) Blood vessel connecting to a central canal between osteons a: © Trent Stephens Osteocytes in lacunae Fig. 6.38 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Bone Synovial membrane Blood vessel Nerve Fibrous part of joint capsule Joint capsule Bursa Joint cavity (filled with synovial fluid) Articular cartilage Tendon sheath Tendon Outer layer Bone Inner layer Periosteum Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 6.39 Class and Example of Joint Structures Joined Movement Plane Acromioclavicular Carpometacarpal Acromion process of scapula and clavicle Carpals and metacarpals 2–5 Slight Multiple axes as a group Slight Slight Slight Slight Slight Costovertebral Intercarpal Intermetatarsal Intertarsal Intervertebral Ribs and vertebrae Between carpal bones Between metatarsal bones Between tarsal bones Between articular processes of adjacent vertebrae Sacroiliac Between sacrum and coxal bone (complex joint with several planes and synchondroses) Slight Tarsometatarsal Tarsal bones and metatarsal bones Slight Carpal and metacarpal of thumb Between carpal bones Manubrium of sternum and clavicle Two axes Hinge Cubital (elbow) Knee Interphalangeal Talocrural (ankle) Humerus, ulna, and radius Femur and tibia Between phalanges Talus, tibia, and fibula One axis One axis One axis Multiple axes; one predominates Pivot Medial atlantoaxial Proximal radioulnar Distal radioulnar Atlas and axis Radius and ulna Radius and ulna Rotation Rotation Rotation Ball-and-Socket Coxal (hip) Humeral (shoulder) Coxal bone and femur Scapula and humerus Multiple axes Multiple axes Two axes Two axes Metatarsophalangeal (ball of foot) Atlas and occipital bone Metacarpal bones and phalanges Metatarsal bones and phalanges Radiocarpal (wrist) Temporomandibular Radius and carpal bones Mandible and temporal bone Multiple axes Multiple axes; one predominates Plane Saddle Carpometacarpal pollicis Intercarpal Sternoclavicular Slight Slight Saddle Hinge Pivot Ball-and-socket Ellipsoid Atlantooccipital Metacarpophalangeal (knuckles) Ellipsoid Two axes Fig. 6.30 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sacroiliac joint Iliac crest Sacral promontory Anterior superior iliac spine Sacrum Ilium Coccyx Pubis Acetabulum Pubic symphysis Obturator foramen Ischium Subpubic angle Anterosuperior view Coxal bone Fig. 6.31 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Iliac crest Articular surface (area of articulation with sacrum) Ilium Iliac fossa Pelvic brim Greater sciatic notch Acetabulum Ischium Greater sciatic notch Pubis Ischial spine Ischial spine Ischium Pubic symphysis Obturator foramen Ischial tuberosity (a) Lateral view (b) Medial view Fig. 6.32-2 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Pelvic inlet (red dashed line) Sacral promontory Ischial spine Pelvic brim Coccyx Pubic symphysis Pubic symphysis Subpubic angle Male (a) Anterosuperior view Female (b) Anterosuperior view Pelvic outlet (blue dashed line) Fig. 6.38 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Bone Bone
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