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I II III FOUNDATIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Embryology 3 Teratogenesis5 Cell Biology: Organelles 7 Cell Biology: Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton 10 Cell Biology: Plasma Membrane 12 Cellular Suffering and Death 16 Inflammation18 Extracellular Environment 20 Cellular Adaptations 22 NEURO 1. Brain Embryology 26 2. Nervous System Basics 28 3. Cortex and Brain Lesions 30 4. Cranial Nerves part 1 33 5. Cranial Nerves part 2 36 6. Brainstem in Cross Section 39 7. Brainstem Lesions 42 8. Limbic System and Hypothalamus 47 9. CSF and ICP 50 10. Vascular Events 52 11. Seizures54 12. Headache57 13. Brain Tumors 61 14. Sleep63 15. Anesthetics66 16. Movement 68 17. Basal Ganglia 74 18. Spinal Cord and Lesions 76 19. Brachial Plexus and Upper Extremity Nerves part 1 79 20. Brachial Plexus and Upper Extremity Nerves part 2 83 21. Lower Extremity and Skeletal Muscle 87 22. Sensation91 23. Eye93 24. Ear95 25. Delirium and Dementia 98 PHARM BASICS 1. Parasympathetic Activation 103 2. Parasympathetic Inhibition 106 3. Sympathetic Activation 108 4. Sympathetic Inhibition 110 5. Neurotransmission112 6. G Protein Second Messengers 115 7. Pharmacokinetics118 8. Pharmacodynamics123 9. Drug Metabolism 125 10. Drug Elimination 127 11. Drug Side Effects 131 12. Antidotes135 [i] TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS IV V VI [ ii ] CARDIOVASCULAR 1. Embryology139 2. Congenital Heart Defects 142 3. Cardiac Output 144 4. Heart Failure 146 5. Treatment of CHF 148 6. Edema and Shock 150 7. Cardiac Cycle 153 8. Diastolic Heart Murmurs 157 9. Systolic Heart Murmurs 159 10. Electrophysiology161 11. Antiarrhythmics163 12. Electrocardiography165 13. Arrhythmias167 14. Regulation of BP 172 15. Hypertension174 16. Antihypertensives176 17. Atherosclerosis179 18. Antianginal Therapy and Lipid-Lowering Agents 182 19. Myocardial Infarction part 1 184 20. Myocardial Infarction part 2 187 21. Cardiomyopathies and Endocarditis 189 22. Other Cardiac Pathology 191 23. Vasculitis193 24. Other Vascular Diseases 195 RHEUM & DERM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Bone Formation and Bone Tumors Bone Disorders Musculoskeletal Injuries Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Other Types of Arthritis Systemic Disorders Dermatology part 1 Dermatology part 2 REPRODUCTION 199 201 204 208 210 212 214 217 1. Reproductive Anatomy 221 2. Genital Embryology 223 3. Androgens225 4. Testicular Pathology 227 5. Penis and Prostate Pathology 229 6. Female Reproductive Cycle 232 7. Menstruation and Menopause 235 8. Vulva, Vagina and Cervix 238 9. Uterine Pathology 240 10. Ovarian Pathology 242 11. Ovarian Neoplasms 244 12. Pregnancy part 1 247 13. Pregnancy part 2 249 14. Chromosomal Disorders 251 15. Genetic Disorders: AD and Trinucleotide Repeats 253 16. Genetic Disorders: AR and X-Linked 255 17. Breast257 VII VIII MICRO 1. Bacterial Basics 263 2. Bacterial Toxins 265 3. Staphylococcus267 4. Streptococcus269 5. Other Gram-Positive Bacteria 271 6. Gram-Negative Bacteria part 1 273 7. Gram-Negative Bacteria part 2 275 8. Spirochetes and Zoonotics 277 9. Mycobacteria279 10. Nonstaining Bacteria 281 11. Penicillins283 12. Cephalosporins 285 13. Other Cell Wall Inhibitors 287 14. Protein Synthesis Inhibitors 289 15. Other Antibiotics 292 16. Micro by Systems part 1 295 17. Micro by Systems part 2 298 18. Viral Basics 301 19. DNA Viruses part 1 303 20. DNA Viruses part 2 306 21. RNA Viruses part 1 308 22. RNA Viruses part 2 310 23. HIV313 24. HIV Drugs 315 25. Mycology part 1 318 26. Mycology part 2 320 27. Antifungals322 28. Protozoa325 29. Helminths and Ectoparasites 328 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS IMMUNOLOGY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Immune System Basics 333 Antigen Presentation 335 T Cells 337 B Cells and Antibodies 339 Immunization and Autoantibodies 341 Hypersensitivity and Complement 344 Macrophages, Granulocytes and Cytokines 346 Immunosuppressants348 Immunodeficiencies350 [ iii ] TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS IX X XI [ iv ] GI 1. Oropharynx357 2. Esophagus361 3. Stomach364 4. Upper GI Pathology 366 5. Duodenum368 6. Enterocytes and Absorption 370 7. Diseases of the Small Intestine 372 8. Large Intestine part 1 374 9. Large Intestine part 2 376 10. Large Intestine part 3 378 11. Pancreas380 12. Liver Basics 382 13. Alcoholic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis 384 14. Liver Pathology 386 15. Hepatitis388 16. Biliary Tract 390 PULMONARY 1. Anatomy and Physiology 395 2. Lung Volumes and Pulmonary Circulation 397 3. Oxygen and Hemoglobin 400 4. Oxygenation402 5. Ventilation and Perfusion 404 6. Extreme Environments 406 7. PE, DVT and Pneumothorax 409 8. COPD and Asthma 411 9. Pulmonary Medications 413 10. Restrictive Lung Disease 415 11. Lung Cancer 418 12. Lung Infections 420 MEDICINE IN SOCIETY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Research Study Designs 425 Diagnostic Test Evaluation 427 Interpretation of Study Data 429 Study Validity 432 Statistical Distribution and Error 434 Biostatistics436 Disease Prevention and Public Health 438 Healthcare System 442 Ethics448 XII XIII XIV BIOCHEM TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. DNA Basics 453 2. DNA Replication, Mutation and Repair 457 3. RNA460 4. Protein Synthesis 464 5. Inheritance466 6. Genetic Lab Techniques 469 7. Glycolysis472 8. Gluconeogenesis476 9. Glycogen479 10. Energy Metabolism 482 11. HMP Shunt and Other Sugars 486 12. Starvation and Malnutrition 488 13. Lipids491 14. Amino Acids and Nitrogen 494 15. Amino Acid Disorders 496 16. Minerals498 17. Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Antioxidants 500 18. Water-Soluble Vitamins 502 PSYCH 1. Psychology507 2. Child Psych 509 3. Eating Disorders 511 4. Alcohol Abuse 513 5. Substance Abuse 516 6. Psychosis518 7. Antipsychotics520 8. Bipolar Disorder 522 9. Depression524 10. Antidepressants526 11. Anxiety and Somatoform Disorders 528 12. Ego Defense Mechanisms and Personality Disorders 530 RENAL 1. Renal Embryology and Anatomy 535 2. Glomerular Physiology 537 3. Nephron Physiology 539 4. Diuretics544 5. Electrolyte Disorders 546 6. Acid-Base Disorders 548 7. Nephritis550 8. Nephrosis552 9. Other Renal Pathology part 1 554 10. Other Renal Pathology part 2 556 [v] TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS XV XVI PEDIATRICS 1. Pediatric Review 560 ENDOCRINE 1. Endocrine Overview 567 2. Pituitary569 3. Adrenal Steroid Synthesis 573 4. Glucocorticoids and Cushing Syndrome 576 5. Other Adrenal Pathology 578 6. Thyroid Basics and Hyperthyroidism 580 7. Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Cancer 582 8. Diabetes584 9. DKA and Diabetes Treatment 586 10. Obesity 590 11. Calcium Metabolism 592 XVII HEME 1. Clotting Factors 597 2. Anticoagulant Drugs 599 3. RBC Basics 601 4. Erythropoiesis603 5. Nonhemolytic Anemias 605 6. Hemolytic Anemias 607 7. Platelet Function 610 8. Platelet Disorders 612 9. Lymphoma614 10. Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma 616 XVIII ONCOLOGY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. [ vi ] Cancer Basics Genetics of Cancer Cancer Risk Factors Cancer Screening and Prevention Cancer Drugs part 1 Cancer Drugs part 2 621 623 626 628 630 632