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Chapter 10: Agriculture Key Issue 4 Challenges for Commercial Farming Importance of Access to Markets – von Thunen model Concentric circles based on importance, cost of shipping, perishability of good, and space needed Horticulture & dairy then woods then crops then pasture Overproduction in Commercial Farming High efficiency = surplus food Surplus food = low prices Not a lot of change in demand 3 US policies on high productivity Avoid crops that are already in excess Government makes up the difference in the falling prices Government buys extra food to sell or donate internationally Challenges for Commercial Farming Sustainable Agriculture – preserve & enhance the environmental quality (ex. Organic farming) Three basic ideas: Sensitive Land Management Ridge tillage Limited Use of Chemicals Limiting chemicals and weeding by hand Integrating Crop & Livestock Number of livestock Animal Confinement Management of Weather Flexible feeding & Marketing Challenges for Subsistence Farmers Subsistence Farming and Population Growth Growing populations to feed! Adoption of new growing methods: more workers increasing output Land is fallow less often Boserup 5 stages of intensifying farmland Subsistence Farming and International Trade Need improvements: better seeds, fertilizer equipment Lack money to buy Solution = grow crops to export, but Means less/no food for people in the country!! Drug Crops Support many families in LDCs Type of drug depends on climate and profit possibilities Strategies to Increase Food Supply Expanding Agricultural Land Struggle to find new land because of urbanization and desertification Land being added but not as fast as population is increasing (ex. Africa) Increasing Productivity Green Revolution Engineered higher-yield seeds More fertilizer and machines Identify New Food Sources Oceans – overfishing has been a problem Higher-protein cereals grains Trying but doesn’t work where people grow their own food Encouraging underused foods Ex. US & Soybeans – taste and culture influence use Increasing Trade US is a major exporter of grains Trends are changing but China & Japan remain major importers
