Download Brazil General Features 2009

Brazil
Roadmap for EV utilization
ABVE
Brazilian Electric Vehicles Association
Challenge Bibendum 2010
Pietro Erber
Brazil
General Features 2009
Population: 191 million
GDP: US$ 1.6 trillion
Primary Energy Supply: 244 Mtoe
Electricity supply: 510 TWh
Ethanol production: 11 Mtoe
Car & light vehicles sales: 3 million
Motorcycles sales: 1.6 million
Electric Vehicles
Fundamental Priorities
• Environmental improvement
• Urban mobility preservation
• Reduction of fossil fuels dependence
VE Roadmap
Main Items
• Motivation
• Initiatives: Challenge Bibendum, SPE/MF, INAE,
INEE/ABVE,
• Concepts, advantages & limitations
• Interaction with the power grid
• Market penetration
• Local production
VE Roadmap
Motivation
• Urban environment improvement
• GHG emissions reduction
• Reduction of diesel consumption
• New market for ethanol
• Technological & industrial development
VE Roadmap
Concepts
• HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle: onboard
generation only
• BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle: energy
supply only from the power grid
• PHEV – Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle:
onboard generation & power grid
supply
VE Roadmap
Advantages
• Electricity: provided from any source
• Efficiency: electric motor, regenerative
breaking, improved combustion
• Zero or low W2W emissions
• Heavy hybrids may use ethanol
VE Roadmap
Limitations
• High upfront cost: scale, batteries
• Heavy taxes
• Lack of recharge infrastructure
• Inadequate information
• Resistance to innovation
• Off peak charging
• Obsolescence risk
VE Roadmap
Interaction with the Power Grid
• VE system: vehicle, charger, power grid
• Hourly tariffs for off-peak charging
• Batteries interact with the grid: smart grids
VE Roadmap
Market Penetration
• ABVE : 50% in 2025 (HEV 30%)
• External factors: fuel prices, power rates, taxes
& incentives, public transportation, charging
facilities, information
• Technological factors: batteries, capacitors,
regenerative breaking
• Marketing models: transparence and destination
VE Roadmap
Local Utilization & Production
• Initiatives: Challenge Bibendum, SPE/MF,
INAE, INEE/ABVE
• Context: fast technologic evolution, vague policy
definitions, ample opportunities, investment in
flex and biodiesel, high fiscal burden
• Challenges: investment in new technologies,
assembly lines, new inventories, O&M personnel
training, obsolescence risk
VE Roadmap
Local Utilization & Production
• Adequacy: type choice according to end use
• Incentives for public services EV utilization
• Taxes: Reduce present sales & property taxes for EV
• Charging infrastructure for plug-ins
• Hourly tariffs to stimulate off peak consumption
• Smart grid: enhance and exploit EV contribution
• Low import taxes for high performance batteries