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Brazil Roadmap for EV utilization ABVE Brazilian Electric Vehicles Association Challenge Bibendum 2010 Pietro Erber Brazil General Features 2009 Population: 191 million GDP: US$ 1.6 trillion Primary Energy Supply: 244 Mtoe Electricity supply: 510 TWh Ethanol production: 11 Mtoe Car & light vehicles sales: 3 million Motorcycles sales: 1.6 million Electric Vehicles Fundamental Priorities • Environmental improvement • Urban mobility preservation • Reduction of fossil fuels dependence VE Roadmap Main Items • Motivation • Initiatives: Challenge Bibendum, SPE/MF, INAE, INEE/ABVE, • Concepts, advantages & limitations • Interaction with the power grid • Market penetration • Local production VE Roadmap Motivation • Urban environment improvement • GHG emissions reduction • Reduction of diesel consumption • New market for ethanol • Technological & industrial development VE Roadmap Concepts • HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle: onboard generation only • BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle: energy supply only from the power grid • PHEV – Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle: onboard generation & power grid supply VE Roadmap Advantages • Electricity: provided from any source • Efficiency: electric motor, regenerative breaking, improved combustion • Zero or low W2W emissions • Heavy hybrids may use ethanol VE Roadmap Limitations • High upfront cost: scale, batteries • Heavy taxes • Lack of recharge infrastructure • Inadequate information • Resistance to innovation • Off peak charging • Obsolescence risk VE Roadmap Interaction with the Power Grid • VE system: vehicle, charger, power grid • Hourly tariffs for off-peak charging • Batteries interact with the grid: smart grids VE Roadmap Market Penetration • ABVE : 50% in 2025 (HEV 30%) • External factors: fuel prices, power rates, taxes & incentives, public transportation, charging facilities, information • Technological factors: batteries, capacitors, regenerative breaking • Marketing models: transparence and destination VE Roadmap Local Utilization & Production • Initiatives: Challenge Bibendum, SPE/MF, INAE, INEE/ABVE • Context: fast technologic evolution, vague policy definitions, ample opportunities, investment in flex and biodiesel, high fiscal burden • Challenges: investment in new technologies, assembly lines, new inventories, O&M personnel training, obsolescence risk VE Roadmap Local Utilization & Production • Adequacy: type choice according to end use • Incentives for public services EV utilization • Taxes: Reduce present sales & property taxes for EV • Charging infrastructure for plug-ins • Hourly tariffs to stimulate off peak consumption • Smart grid: enhance and exploit EV contribution • Low import taxes for high performance batteries