Download Bacterial Pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae)

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Bacterial Pneumonia
(Streptococcus pneumoniae)
Katie Huber
BIOL 62
Bacterial pneumonia is a lower
respiratory tract infection
www.entmags.org
Bacterial pneumonia is diagnosed
based on symptoms, physical exam,
lab tests, or a chest x-ray
patienteducationcenter.org
Bacteria called Streptococcus
pneumoniae are the most common
cause of bacterial pneumonia
– Over 90 serotypes
Source: chori.org; The National Foundation for Infectious Diseases
Bacteria are spread by infected people
or asymptomatic carriers through
coughing/sneezing
theeffectsofpovertyonhealth.weebly.com
Antibiotics are the most effective
treatment
• Beta-lactams
• Tetracyclines
afprd.org
• Macrolides
tevagenerics.com
ukpharmacistonline.com
• Fluoroquinolones
Drug resistant S. pneumoniae (DRSP)
started to be seen in the 1960s and is
now prevalent worldwide
webpages.charter.net
Resistance genes are usually acquired
via transformation
Boundless.com
Lower respiratory infections were
the leading cause of death in lowincome countries in 2012, and 99%
of child pneumonia deaths occur in
those countries.
Global healthcare inequality is a major
problem
Incidence of childhood clinical pneumonia at the country level
WHO
Adequate nutrition and a healthy
environment reduce the incidence
of disease and complications
ariatlas.org
medicalxpress.com
Vaccination is the most effective type
of prevention
The current
polysaccharide
vaccine (PPSV23)
protects against 23
types of
pneumococcal
bacteria but does not
induce effective
immune response in
children younger
than 2 years old
uspharmacist.com
The conjugate vaccine (PCV13) works
in younger children and older adults
drugtopics.modernmedicine.com
uspharmacist.com
• The Integrated Global
Action Plan for the
Prevention and Control
of Pneumonia and
Diarrhoea (GAPPD) aims
to reduce deaths from
pneumonia to < 3
children/1000 live
births by 2025
Recent Study involving S. pneumoniae
• September 18, 2014 – researchers discover
why bacterial pneumonia can increase risk of
heart problems
– Bacteria invade and kill
heart cells
– Microlesions caused by
pneumolysin
Image source: Science Daily/Dr. Carlos Oriheula, UT Health
Science Center at San Antonio
Works Cited
AlonsoDeVelasco, E., Alexander F. M. Verheul, J. Verhoef, and H. Snippe. "Streptococcus Pneumoniae: Virulence Factors, Pathogenesis, and Vaccines." Microbiological
Reviews 59.4 (1995): 591-603. Web. 4 Nov. 2014. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC239389/pdf/590591.pdf.
"Bacterial Pneumonia: How Is It Treated?" AIDSmeds. Smart + Strong, 09 June 2009. Web. 09 Nov. 2014.
http://www.aidsmeds.com/articles/BacterialPneumonia_6705.shtml.
Brown, Armand O., et. al. "Streptococcus Pneumoniae Translocates into the Myocardium and Forms Unique Microlesions That Disrupt Cardiac Function." PLOS Pathogens.
PLOS, 18 Sept. 2014. Web. 09 Nov. 2014. http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1004383.
Campbell, G. Douglas, Jr., and Ronald Silberman. "Drug-Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae." Clinical Infectious Diseases 26.5 (1998): 1188-195. Drug-Resistant
Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Web. 04 Nov. 2014. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/5/1188.full.pdf html.
"GAPPD: Ending Preventable Child Deaths from Pneumonia and Diarrhoea by 2025." WHO. World Health Organization, n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.
http://www.who.int/woman_child_accountability/news/gappd_2013/en/.
"Learn about Pneumonia: Facts, Figures and What You Can Do." World Pneumonia Day. World Pneumonia Day, n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.
http://worldpneumoniaday.org/learn/.
"Pneumococcal Vaccination." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 18 Sept. 2014. Web. 03 Nov. 2014.
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/pneumo/default.htm?s_cid=cs_797.
"Pneumococcal Vaccines (PCV13 and PPSV23)." Ask the Experts: Diseases & Vaccines. Immunization Action Coalition, 31 July 2014. Web. 03 Nov. 2014.
http://www.immunize.org/askexperts/experts_pneumococcal_vaccines.asp.
"Pneumonia." WHO. World Health Organization, Nov. 2013. Web. 04 Nov. 2014. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs331/en/.
Schiffman, George, MD. "Bacterial Pneumonia." EMedicineHealth. WebMD, Inc., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2014.
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/bacterial_pneumonia/article_em.htm.
Schrag, Stephanie J., Bernard Beall, and Scott Dowell. "Resistant Pneumococcal Infections." (2001): n. pag. World Health Organization. Web. 4 Nov. 2014.
http://www.who.int/drugresistance/technicalguidance/en/resistantinfection.pdf.
"Scientists Spot How Bacterial Pneumonia Damages the Heart." Consumer HealthDay. HealthDay, 19 Sept. 2014. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.
http://consumer.healthday.com/cardiovascular-health-information-20/heart-attack-management-and-prevention-news-365/scientists-spot-how-bacterial-pneumoniadamages-the-heart-691911.html.
Tomasz, Alexander, Ph.D., ed. Streptococcus Pneumoniae: Molecular Biology & Mechanisms of Disease. Larchmont, NY: Mary Ann Liebert, 2000. Print.