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Egypt Learning Targets • I can describe the relationship between the Nile and the growth of Egypt. • I can describe the reasons for the unification of Egypt. • I can explain the religious beliefs of the Egyptian people, and the importance of the afterlife. • I can locate key physical features of Africa on a map. Civilization Develops in Egypt • Hunter-Gatherers moved into the Nile Valley more than 12,000 years ago. • By 4500 BCE, Farmers living in small villages grew wheat and Barley. • Over time farmers developed an irrigation system, which consisted of canals that directed the Nile’s flow and carried water to the fields. Two Kingdoms -Along with its stable food supply Egypt’s location offered another advantage: -Its natural barriers, which made it difficult to invade Egypt. -The Desert to the west was too big and harsh to cross, -To the north was the Mediterranean sea, -To the east was more desert and the Red Sea, -To the south the Niles cataracts made it difficult for invaders to sail into Egypt. Two Kingdoms • With the natural barriers protecting Egypt, the villages grew and by 3200 BCE villages had grown and banded together to create two separate kingdoms. • Each Kingdom had its own capital city. – The capital city of Lower Egypt was Pe, – The capital city of Upper Egypt was Nekhan Kings Unify Egypt • According to tradition, around 3100 BCE Menes, rose to power in Upper Egypt. • He had his armies invade Lower Egypt and take control of it. • Menes then married a princess from Lower Egypt. Egypt Unites • Menes Combined the Crowns: – The White Crown of Upper Egypt. – Red crown of Lower Egypt. Why would Menes do this? -To symbolize his leadership over the two kingdoms. Unification • Menes is considered to be the first Pharaoh of Egypt. • He also founded the first Dynasty. • Menes built a new capital city named Memphis at the southern tip of the Nile Delta. • It was near wear Lower Egypt met Upper Egypt, close to modern Cairo. Unification • The First Dynasty was a theocracy, that lasted about 200 years. • During the time of the first dynasty Egyptian territory expanded southward along the Nile River and into Southwest Asia. • They also improved irrigation and trade, making Egypt wealthier