Download Accessory Digestive Organs

Accessory Digestive Organs
Accessory Digestive Organs
• Assists Alimentary Canal in digestive process
• Includes…
• Salivary glands
• Teeth
• Pancreas
• Liver
• Gallbladder
Pancreas
• Gland that produces a wide
spectrum of digestive enzymes
that break down all categories of
food
• Enzymes are secreted into the
duodenum (first part of small
intestine)
• Alkaline (basic) fluid introduced
with enzymes neutralizes acidic
chyme
• Endocrine products of pancreas
include:
• Insulin
• Glucagons
• (we’ll talk about these with the
endocrine system!!!)
Digestion
• The entire process of digestion can take anywhere from
16-48 hours
• Most of this time will be spent in the large intestine
• Ingestion of approximately 2000 mL of food & drink will
result in the defecation of approximately 150 mL of feces
Absorption of water
and nutrients
(goblet cells)
Absorption of water
Chemical Digestion: Carbohydrates
• Break down into simple sugars (monosaccharides, such
as glucose)
• Remember, carbs are polysaccharides!
• Digestion:
• In Mouth: salivary amylase digests starches
• In Small Intestine: Pancreatic enzymes, and additional secretions
from walls of small intestine continue breakdown
Chemical Digestion: Proteins
• Break down into amino acids
• Digestion:
• In Stomach: HCl causes proteins to denature (untangle), Pepsin
begins breakdown process
• In Small Intestine: Pancreatic enzymes continue breakdown
Chemical Digestion: Fats
• Broken down into fatty acids and glycerol
• Digestion:
• In Small Intestine: Bile salts help to emulsify large fats, Pancreatic
enzymes breaks down the fats into smaller components
Chemical Digestion: Fats
Role of Bacteria
• The bacterial flora of the large intestine consist of:
• Bacteria surviving the small intestine that enter the cecum and
• Those entering via the anus
• These bacteria:
• Colonize the colon
• Ferment indigestible carbohydrates
• Release gases (flatus – methane and hydrogen sulfide)
• Synthesize vitamins B and K
• http://video.about.com/pediatrics/Appendicitis.htm
• http://video.about.com/heartburn/GERD.htm
• http://video.about.com/highbloodpressure/Renovascular-
Hypertension.htm