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Water Systems Test #2 – Review
Test Date: ____________________________________________
Glossary of Important Terms (see notes) – Plate Tectonics, Pangea, Continental Shelf, Continental Slope, Seamount, Volcano,
Seamount, Guyout, Volcanic Island, Canyon, Geology, Trenches, Lakes, Glaciers, Melt Water, Tributary, Watershed, Continental
Divide, moraines, mid ocean ridge, rivers, convection currents, gyre, overturns.
Section 4.9 – Geological Features at Sea and on Land pg224-227 (see class notes)
Geologists have found evidence that Earth’s crust is divided into huge sections, called plates, that move slowly as they float on the
hot mantle beneath. As plates collide with, slide beside, slip under, or separate from one another, they shape the Earth’s crust, both
on land and at the bottom of the ocean.
Explain how could fossils of marine animals are found in places where no oceans exist.
What is the difference between a volcano, volcanic island, seamount, and a guyout? What’s the difference between a canyon and a
trench?
Watersheds – Label the major watersheds of North America and the direction in which water flows. (See notes and Figure 7 – pg.
227) Label the continental divide and its extensions.
All water in Canada eventually makes its way back to the Atlantic, Pacific, or Arctic Oceans.
What two directions does most water flow in Canada? North and East. Where is this most obviously different? Flows west to the
Pacific on the west side of the Continental Divide
Section 4.10 – Glaciers: Rivers of Ice pgs 228-229 (see class notes)
What is a glacier? How do glaciers form? Move?
What is a continental glacier? Give two examples.
Why is Antarctica considered a true desert? 2 reasons and the causes.
What is the difference between a glacier and an ice cap?
What is the concern today if polar ice (glaciers and ice caps) continue to melt?
Compare the ice in Canada 18 000 years ago, to today.
Canada: A Water Rich Land Web Quest
Does everyone in Canada have equal access to good water?
Describe a situation where poor water quality had dire consequences. Walkerton, ON
Name some products that we use daily that require a shocking amount of water to produce? Coffee, pork, apples, clothing,
potatoes
What are two early uses for water in Canada? Two more recent uses?
Section 4.12 – Currents pgs 232-233 (see class notes)
Lake Currents – Why is the surface water of a lake much warmer than its deep water? Cool water is more dense or heavy than
warmer water and therefore sinks. As it does, it pushes the warmer water upward. This creates a current or movement in the
water. Currents caused by temperature differences are called convection currents.
How are convection currents and overturns essential to life in lakes?
Ocean Currents – Convection currents exist in the oceans on a global scale. Cold water at the poles sinks and tends to flow toward
the equator. Because it is warmer, equatorial water is pushed upwards and warmed even more. It flows along the surface of the
oceans to replace the water moving away from the poles. These surface currents are helped along by winds. As the water moves
farther from the equator, it becomes cooler and sinks, thus completing the cycle.
What other things influence the currents in the Earth’s oceans?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rotation of the Earth
Waters are pulled by the gravitational force of the sun and the moon.
Strong winds
Landforms on the ocean’s floor and the continents of the world affect the flow of water.
Gyre – the circular flow of ocean waters composed of several major currents.
Label the five main gyres of the world – see notes and page 233
Plastiki: A Boat With a Message
What is the Plastiki? Describe its journey? What is its mission? (2 things!)
Describe the Eastern Pacific Garbage Patch. How did the Eastern Pacific Garbage Patch form? Is it one of a kind? No. Garbage gets
caught in all of the gyres of the world. The Eastern Pacific is the largest.
Plastic litter kills 100,000 marine mammals each year!
Why should we care? The focus must be made on keeping the situation from going from bad to worse. We need to change the way
we think about plastic. What can we do to help this global issue?
How did the Majestic Plastic Bag (mockumentary) relate to what we know about the water cycle and currents? All waters eventually
make it back to the ocean. Water carries pollutants in it. Plastic is carried by wind, water, and currents to the ocean. There is
travels on the tides and is moved by currents until it reaches one of the gyres, and eventually an island at sea. These are often
magnets for garbage in the gyres.
Planet Earth: Fresh Water and Ocean Deep
What connections did you make to the topics discussed in the documentaries to the topics we discussed in class?
What types of adaptations did marine life make to life in or near water?
The Helgramite – flat body to allow water to flow over its body, bushy gills to extract oxygen,
Black Fly Larvae – anchor themselves to the rock floor with a ring of hooks, if these don’t hold, they are still held by a silken safety
line.
Indian Otters – travel in families of up to seventeen! This helps them fend of predators and with fishing. Young are used to distract
fish, while adults are fast enough to catch them and then share with the young.
Sickle Fish – Carry their youngsters in their mouth to protect them from predators.
Crab-eating macaque – Have learned how to hold their breath, dive for their food, and underwater swim in order to survive.
Sea Spider – relative of the spider and crab, it has feathered appendages on its feet to prevent in from falling/sinking into the deep.
Vampire Squid – Uses lights of its own. Bio-luminescent bacteria on its limbs confuse predators.
Monk Fish – indistinguishable camouflage with the sea floor and uses an odd appendage as a lure to bait prey.