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AG V03/BIOL V23 Plant Biology Lecture: Prokaryotes (Ch 19)
I. Prokaryotes = “monerans”
A. 2 domains/kingdoms: Bacteria and Archaea
B. prokaryotic cells - review
1. smaller
2. simpler
have to have
optional parts (not all of them have these)
1) cell wall
2) flagellum/a
3) plasmid
4) pilus/i
fimbriae
5) folded membranes
6) endospores
3. 3 shapes
coccus
bacillus
spiral & vibrio
4. binary fission
C. Nutritional life styles
1. source of energy
a. phototroph
b. chemotroph
2. source of C for molecules
a. autotroph
b. heterotroph
3. can combine these:
D. taxonomy
II. Domain/Kingdom Bacteria
A. general characteristics
divided functionally by Gram stain
a. Gram positives
© copyright 2011 Marta D. de Jesus
b. Gram negatives
pathogens
B. Examples
G1. Proteobacteria
a. Enterobacteria
eg: (†)Escherichia coli
eg: †Salmonella spp.
eg: †Yersinia pestis
b. nitrogen-fixers
eg: Rhizobium spp.
eg: Azotobacter
c. photosynthetics
purple sulphur bacteria
purple non-sulphur bacteria
d. plant pathogens
eg: Agrobacterium tumefacien
eg: Pseudomonas spp.
e. others
eg: †Rickettsia spp.
eg: myxobacteria
eg: mitochondrion
G-
2. Phylum Chloroflexi = green non-sulphur bacteria
G-
3. Phylum Chlorobi = green sulphur bacteria
G-
4. Phylum Cyanobacteria
a. chl a
phycobilins (phycocyanin & phycoerythrin)
b. nitrogen fixers
heterocysts
eg: Anabaena
c. eg: Prochloron
d. eg: Spirulina
e. eg: Oscillatoria
f. eg: (†)Microcystis
G-
g. eg: chloroplast
5. Phylum Spirochaetes
eg: †Borrelia burgdorferi
eg: †Treponema pallidum
G-
6. Phylum Chlamydia
eg: †Chlamydia spp.
G+
7. Phylum Firmicutes
a. Bacillus
eg: †B. anthracis
eg: B. thuringensis & B. popilliae
b. Clostridium
eg: †Clostridium botulinum
eg: †Clostridium perfringens
eg: †Clostridium tetani
c. Lactobacillus
eg: L. acidophilus
d. †Mycoplasmas
e. (†)Staphylococcus
f. (†)Streptococcus
G+
8. Phylum Actinobacteria
Micrococcus
III. Domain/Kingdom Archaea = archaebacteria [mine]
A. general characteristics
pseudomurein
extremophiles
B. examples
1. Phylum Euryarcheota
a. eg: Methanobacterium smithii
b. eg: Halobacterium
bacteriorhodopsin
c. eg: Thermoplasma
2. Phylum Crenarcheota
a. hyperthermophiles & thermophiles
eg: Pyrodictium
3. Phylum Korarcheota
4. Phylum Nanoarcheota