Download CAI med. emergencies student

Medical Emergencies
continued…..
Chapter 31 in Torres
 Assignment: Fill in the blank and
multiple choice in Chapter 31.
 Test on medical emergencies
 Review signs, symptoms, and
treatments for all medical
emergencies in M.D.A text.

Introduction
A medical emergency is
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________.
Preventing an Emergency
 Know
Your Patient!
 Have
open communication
 Have an updated medical history
Emergency Preparedness

Assigned Roles

Front Desk Staff
1.
2.
3.

Clinical Staff
1.
2.
3.
Emergency Preparednesscont’d

Dentist
1.
2.



Routine Drills
 Training with mock emergency
 Learn each other’s roles
Emergency Telephone Numbers
 911
 Local police
 Local fire station
 Emergency medical service
Where should emergency numbers be located within the
office? ___________________________
Recognizing a Medical
Emergency

Symptom:
Define Examples:


Sign:
Define Examples:

Emergency Care Standards

Every member of the dental team must be
current in:
1.
2.
3.
Emergency Care Standards
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
 ABCDs of Basic Life Support: Define

A_______________________________________
 B_______________________________________
 C_______________________________________
_________________________
 D________________________
*2010 A-B-C order changed to C-A-B

Fig. 31-6 Standardized drug kit
Table 31-1 Drugs Used In Medical
Emergencies
Emergency Responses

Physical Changes
Unconsciousness
 Altered consciousness
 Respiratory distress
 Convulsions
 Chest pain

Medical Emergencies



Oxygen is always in a _________ cylinder or tank and is always safe to
administer to the unconscious patient.
All cells that make up the body require O2 and nutrients. Anytime there is a
lack of either, the body will go into _____________.
Examples:








Heart attack
Loss of blood
Stroke
Respiratory disorders (asthma)
Diabetes (hyper- and hypoglycemia)
Postural hypotension
Allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock)
Septic (infection) Note: aseptic means without infection
Common Medical
Emergencies

Syncope: A reduced blood flow to the brain causing the patient to lose
consciousness. (fainting)
 Psychologic factors:
1.
2.
3.

Physiologic factors:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Treatment:
1.
2.
3.
Common Medical
Emergencies


Postural Hypotension:
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Treatment:
1.
2.


Acute Myocardial Infarction: Commonly referred
to as a__________________; the muscles of the heart are damaged
because sufficient oxygen is not able to reach them.
Treatment:
1.
2.
Cardiac Emergencies

AnginaPectoris:
____________________________________________.
 Pain from angina usually lasts __ to __ minutes.
 Angina pain is relieved or eased promptly by the
administration of a commonly prescribed
drug,______________________.

Treatment:
1.
2.
3.
Cerebrovascular Accident
Stroke:____________________________
____________________________________.
 Predisposing Diseases that can lead to a
stroke.
1.
2.
3.

Breathing Problems
Hyperventilation:_______________________________
______________________________________________. The
patient will usually remain conscious. Commonly caused
by__________, ____________, __________, etc.)
 Treatment:



Have pt. breathe into___________or _______________, or
place oxygen mask over their face, without turning oxygen on.
Bronchial Asthma: Attacks of sudden onset, during which the
patient's airway narrows, causing difficulty in breathing as well
as coughing and a wheezing sound.
 Causes:
1.
2.
3.
Allergic Reactions

Allergy: An altered state of reactivity in body tissues in response to specific
antigens. (foods, drugs, venom)
 Antigen:
 Antibodies:

Localized Allergic Response: Slow to develop with mild symptoms
such as itching, erythema, and hives.

Anaphylaxis:__________________________________________________
________________. Symptoms include:__________, _____________,
_________,__________, _____________
Pt. May have a shortness of breath or loss of breath due to swelling of the
larynx & obstruction of the airway. Skin will turn a bluish color.
Treatment:


1.
2.
3.
4.
What can these patients do to let others know of their conditions
Epileptic Seizures

A neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures.
 Petit Mal Seizure:___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
 Grand Mal Seizure:__________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
• Phase 1: ______________________
• Phase 2: ______________________
• Phase 3: ______________________
• Phase 4: ______________________
 Treatment:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Diabetes Mellitus

Define diabetes:

Hyperglycemia: An abnormal __________in
the glucose (sugar) level in the blood
resulting in:
 _____________________
 _____________________
Signs: 1)__________, 2)____________, &
3) ______________________________

Diabetes Mellitus






Hypoglycemia: An abnormal ____________in the glucose level in
the blood due to:
 __________________________
 __________________________
Hypoglycemia may progress into_____________________.
The patient may become unconscious due to too much insulin and
not enough food.
Signs: 1) ________), 2)___________, 3)_________,
4)__________, 5) ______________------ may have a wet, sticky
skin
Patient should be reminded to eat before dental appointment.
Treatment:
 __________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________
See diagram 31-11
Additional medical
emergencies:

Cardiogenic shock-_______________


Patient has severe pain.
Treatment:
Sit pt. Upright
 Administer 100% oxygen
 Call their physician

Additional medical
emergencies:



Pulmonary arrest- patient is not breathing.
Treatment:
 Call 911
 Begin artificial ventilation
Drug addiction
How do you handle patients seeking prescription pain
medications?
Additional medical
emergencies:




HemorrhageThese patients usually require many blood
transfusions, are at high risk for AIDS.
Special care is required prior to treatment.
Treatment:
 Clotting time assessment
 Replacement of blood factors missing
 Prophylactic antibiotic therapy
 Should have hepatitis B vaccine
Coagulant- an agent that promotes
the clotting of blood

Hemostatic drugs (clotting aids):




Gelfoam- sponge placed in the alveolar
socket
Oxycel- placed dry into the socket
Surgicel- guaze square placed into the
socket
Tannic acid- found in tea. Wet tea bag,
place in 2x2 gauze and bite firmly
Documentation of an
Emergency

Full documentation of an emergency is
essential.

Include in the patient record:
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.