Download 5.1 The Cell Cycle

5.1 The Cell Cycle
KEY CONCEPT
Cells have distinct phases of growth, reproduction,
and normal functions.
5.1 The Cell Cycle
The cell cycle has four main stages.
• Cell cycle-is the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication,
and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.
5.1 The Cell Cycle
• The 4 main stages of the cell cycle:
• 1) Gap 1 (G1)- Cell carries out normal functions, increases
in size, and organelles increase in number. Cells spend
most of their life in this stage.
• 2) Synthesis (S)- Cells make a copy of nuclear DNA.
• 3) Gap 2 (G2)- Cells continue normal function and continue
to grow. Cells must go through certain checkpoints, like
size, number of organelles, DNA copied, etc.
• 4) Mitosis (M)- Cell division stage. Consists of 2 stages:
– A) Mitosis- Division of cell nucleus and its contents.
– B) Cytokinesis- Process that divides cell cytoplasm,
resulting in two identical daughter cells.
5.1 The Cell Cycle
Cells divide at different rates.
• The rate of cell division varies with the bodies need
for those types of cells.
– In human cells, S, G2, and M takes about 12 hours
– Length of the G1 stage depends on cell type
– Rate of division is greater in the embryo and kids
• G0 stage- stage where some cells rarely, if ever, divide.
Example Lymphocytes (White Blood Cells).
5.1 The Cell Cycle
Cell size is limited.
• Volume increases faster than surface area.
5.1 The Cell Cycle
• Surface area must allow for adequate
exchange of materials.
– Cell growth is coordinated with
division.
– Cells that must be large have
unique shapes.