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SS7G12 The student will analyze the diverse cultures of the people who live in Southern and Eastern Asia. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious group. Ethnic Group Religious Group A group of people who share cultural ideas and beliefs that have been a part of their community for generations. The characteristics they may have in common could include language, religion, history, types of foods, and a set of beliefs, or celebrations. A group of people who share a belief system in a god or gods, with a specific set of rituals and literature. People from different ethnic groups may share the same religion, though they may be from very different cultures. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Shintoism and the philosophy of Confucianism. Islam Confucianism Hinduism Judaism Shintoism Christianity Buddhism Hinduism Hinduism is a polytheistic religion (worship many gods). It’s the 3rd largest religion in the world. It was founded & is Brahma Vishnu Shiva The Creator The Preserver The Destroyer practiced mostly in India. It is the oldest of the world’s major Hindus consider cows sacred and religions. many Hindus are vegetarians. The holy book is The The Ganges River is also sacred. Vedas. The “book of knowledge” is a collection Karma is the belief that a person’s of prayers, hymns, and actions determine their fate. rituals of Hindu belief. The caste system is a major part of Hinduism. It is a hierarchy of social classes. The only way to break through to a new caste is through reincarnation (rebirth in a new body). Hindus believe that the type of life you lead (your karma) determines your next life. Buddhism Began in India around 500 BC & spread to other parts of Asia. Siddhartha Gautama was born into a wealthy Hindu family. He left his wealth & family to discover a way to put an end to pain & suffering. He founded Buddhism & became known as Buddha, the “Enlightened One.” Four Noble Truths 1. There is suffering in life 2. Suffering is caused by greed and desire 3. Give up desire and end suffering to achieve Nirvana (perfect peace) 4. Follow the Middle Way to reach Nirvana He believed that greed & desire kept people from finding peace. Buddha believed unselfishness was the key & man could turn evil into good. The Middle Way (Eightfold Path) •Try to recognize the truth •Avoid evil actions and bad people •Don’t day hurtful things •Respect People and their things •Don’t harm others •Don’t think evil thoughts •Avoid excitement or anger •Work at meditation Islam Islam means "submission", referring to the total surrender of one's self to God, and a Muslim is "one who submits (to God)". Islam is a monotheistic religion originating with the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. Islam is the second-largest religion in the world today (only Christianity is larger), with an estimated 1.4 billion adherents, spread across the globe. Followers of Islam are known as Muslims. Muslims believe that God revealed the Qur'an; the sacred book of Islam, to Muhammad and that he is God's final prophet. Muslims practice the Five Pillars of Islam. Shintoism Shintoism was developed and is still practiced in Japan. Shintoism centers on reverence for the kami, divine spirits, that Shinto followers believe live in nature. These spirits are believed to live in beautiful places, Shintoism means animals and ancestors. Many Japanese believe that these spirits live in the mountains and rivers of “way of the gods” Japan, and homes have small altars where offerings can be made to please the kami. Shintoism stresses the importance of cleanliness and order. The worship of nature has lead the Japanese to perfect the art of creating small beautiful gardens; areas of quiet and reflection, in a crowded world. Philosophy of Confucianism Confucius was born around 550 BC during a time when the government was having trouble keeping order and warlords controlled much of the country. He became one of the most important scholars in Chinese history. He believed that the key to peace and social order was for people to behave with good character and virtue. Golden Rule of Behavior: “What you do not like when done unto yourself, do not unto others” Confucius was not a religious leader or prophet. He saw himself as a teacher and Confucianism is considered to be a philosophy or ethical system based on morality or good deeds, rather than a religion. The literacy rate, or the number of people who can read and write, has a large effect on a country’s standard of living. Strong, productive economies require an educated workforce. In many parts of the world, education is only available to those who can afford it. Countries that make education available to all citizens have a high literacy rate and also a higher standard of living than those countries which don’t provide education for it’s citizens. A country’s standard of living can also be measured by their GDP (Gross Domestic Product), or the total amount of goods and services produced within that country in a given year. Higher GDP in a country means better living conditions for it’s citizens. References: Moffitt, L, Mullins, E. (2009). Georgia CRCT Test Prep 7th grade Social Studies; Teaching the Georgia Performance Standards (Preview Edition). Clairmont Press. Atlanta, GA. http://webpages.csus.edu/~ctg22/ http://www.absolutechinatours.com/china-travel/China-Philosophy.html http://picasaweb.google.com/SkyeSell4685/APeopleSHistory#5350402982295663778 http://www.ucc.ie/en/hr/equality-wellbeing/health/mental/religion/