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Hydrothermal Vents By Tim Malloy and Alex Reinicker Characteristics • Hydrothermal vents are formed where two oceanic plates pull apart and erupting lava replaces the sea floor. • In these areas, extremely hot, mineral-rich fluid flows out from underneath the ocean floor's surface. • The hot fluid flows into very cold water, and cools down quickly. The cooled minerals in the fluid settle around the vent opening creating chimney-like formations. Some chimneys have been known to grow as tall as 6 kilometers • Water temperature coming from the vent as been recorded over 750 degrees Fahrenheit. Global Location • The first hydrothermal vent was discovered near the Galapagos Islands, at the Galapagos Rift, on the seafloor. • They can be found anywhere along expansion faults on the bottom of the oceans. Continuing threats: dumping, landbase contamination, fossil fuel extraction. Future threats: seabed mining, methane hydrate extraction, and carbon sequestration Interesting Facts • Some scientists have suggested that life actually began millions of years ago around hydrothermal vents. • As the vent water bursts out into the ocean, its temperature may be as high as 750°F. Yet this water does not boil because it is under so much pressure from the tremendous weight of the ocean above. • “Godzilla," a vent chimney in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Oregon, reached the height of a 15-story building before it toppled. • Mining of manganese nodules from these vents served as a cover story for the elaborate attempt by the CIA to raise the sunken Soviet Submarine K-129 Primary Producer • Symbiotic Bacteria bacteria living in symbiosis with another organism For Example: Zoamastogopera, which lives in the stomach of some insects. Primary Consumer • Pompeii Worm • (Alvinella pompejana) is endemic to the hydrothermal vents of the Pacific Ocean. Pompeii worms are among the most heattolerant complex animals known. Secondary Consumer • Galtheid Crab Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class:Malacostraca Order: Decapoda Family:Portunidae Genus:Callinectes Species: Sapidus Role in Ecosystem- They are the "ecosystem engineers" that create new habitats and change the availability and quality of food, shelter and refuge for other constituent species in hydrothermal vent ecosystems Interesting Facts- If a crab losses its claw it grows back Reproudiction- Sexually Food Web Vent Ratfish Galtheid Crabs Blind Crabs Dandelion Siphonophores Vent Vent Vent Amphipod Zooplankton Shrimp Vent Bacteria Vent Clam Vent Octopus Tube-dwelling Anemones Riftia Worm Vent Mussel Symbiotic Bacteria Zoarcid Fish Pompeii Worm Pictures