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Example of best practices and available tools for the use of indigenous and traditional knowledge and practices for adaptation 1 Inputs provided by: United Nations University – Institute for Sustainability and Peace UNU Center, 53-70, Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku 150-8925, Tokyo, Japan Title of practice/tool Practice: 1. Traditional irrigation systems, Sri Lanka 2. Rice terraces – Hani, China 3. Rice terraces - Ifugao, Philippines Tools: 1. Mosaic system for joining modern and traditional irrigation systems to improve production and resilience 2. Eco-system based adaptation strategies for enhancing resilience of rice terrace farming systems against climate change Description of practice/tool 1 The ancient irrigation systes have been build from the 5th century BC to 12th century AD for 17 centuries For example the medium size Basavakkulama tank with a water spread of 107 ha was build around 300 BC. The main features of the systems are (a) the Sustainability (b) Evolution and development of the systems over a long period of time and (c) Technological innovation, macro-micro integration of systems and governance systems that are made them feasible. On the other hand modern irrigation systems are efficient, facilitates improvements in livelihoods through uninterrupted rice production. However they are less resilient to changes in climate and governance structures and decrease cultural and bio diversity. By developing mosaic structures of the traditional and modern, it is possible to develop systems that are resilient to shocks and at the same time improve livelihoods of farmers. Hani rice terraces in China and Ifugao rice terraces in Philippine are world-renowned rice terraces identified as cultural heritage landscapes. Climate change brings in new dimension of continuous changes to water cycle that would be beyond the regulating capacity of current systems. The tool addresses dual challenges of both excessive runoff and water scarcity due to climate change by providing eco-system based adaptation measures to strengthen resilience of traditional rice terrace farming systems in Hani and Ifugao to cope with climate Please use this template for providing inputs related with one example. If you have more than one example, please provide them in separate files using this template. change. The main adaptation measures are the water storage and infiltration facilities that enhance ground water recharge to reduce drying up and subsequent collapse of rice terraces. Such facilities also reduces excessive runoff to reduce damage to rice farms from Region Asia-pacific Country Sri Lanka, China, Philippines Sector Food security, agriculture and fisheries Forestry Mountains Water resources Name of implementing institution/s 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. United Nations University Institute for Sustainability and Peace (UNU-ISP), Tokyo, Japan. University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Irrigation department, Sri Lanka School of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China. National Hydraulic Research Center, University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines. Further information http://www.apn-gcr.org/resources/items/show/1594#.Ue9_YCSmqUk http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/enhancing-indigenous-knowledge-in-rice-terraces/ Contact details Dr. Srikantha Herath Senior Academic Programme Officer United Nations University – Institute for Sustainability and Peace UNU Center, 53-70, Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku 150-8925, Tokyo, Japan E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +81 (0)3-5467-1290