Download Earth`s Energy Transfer

Earth’s Energy Transfer
Once the sun’s energy
has reached the Earth,
where does it go?
Remember Energy Transfer?
Conduction
– solids
Convection
- liquids and gases
Radiation
– No medium
Earth’s Energy Transfer
• The atmosphere and hydrosphere are
able to absorb and store, and
transfer thermal energy.
Referred to as heat sinks.
Hydrosphere
Includes all water, water vapour and
ice on Earth.
Water absorbs and stores more
energy than land.
Hydrosphere and Climate
Precipitation
Transpiration
Ground water
Surface Run-off
Evaporation
Remember
the Water
Cycle??
Water and Energy Transfer
Evaporation –
Absorbs energy from oceans and lakes
Has a cooling effect (cools surrounding area)
Condensation –
Releases energy when vapour condenses into
clouds
Makes surrounding warm
Effects of Water on Nearby
Regions (Lithosphere)
Water heats up and cools down more
slowly than land.
Regions near water are:
Summer- Cooler because the water takes longer
to heat up.
Winter- Warmer in the fall as the water slowly
emits stored thermal energy as it cools down.
Effects of Water on Nearby
Regions
Regions downwind of large bodies of
water:
More snowfall due to LAKE EFFECT!
If water is not covered with ice
 evaporation increases water vapour
 air reaches colder land
 condenses into snow!!
Effects of Water on Nearby
Regions
Water absorbs more energy than air.
This is why water droplets
on your skin make you
shiver….they are absorbing
energy to evaporate!
Energy Transfer in the Oceans
• Water travels towards the poles,
Water cools, evaporates and freezes,
rejecting salt, becomes more dense
and saltier.
• Surrounding water becomes saltier,
more dense, and sinks to the ocean
floor.
Energy Transfer in the Oceans
• Currents draw warmer water from the
equator travels to the poles to replace
the water sinking and also evaporating.
Creates an ocean conveyor system
called
Thermohaline Circulation
Energy Transfer in Oceans
Lithosphere
• Includes all the solid rock, soil, and
minerals on land and under the
oceans.
Lithosphere and Climate
Energy Transfer in the
Atmosphere
• Movement of warm and cold air
currents….
Convection currents.
Energy Transfer in the
Atmosphere
• Air at the equator heats up, becomes
less dense and rises.
Creating low pressure underneath.
Energy Transfer in the
Atmosphere
• Warm air spreads out towards the
poles and cools down.
Cool air sinks back to Earth’s surface.
Creating a circular convection current.
Energy Transfer in the
Atmosphere
Air flows from high to low pressure
→ causes air currents which we
recognize as wind.
Typical patterns become
prevailing winds which help
move warm air to the poles.
Vocabulary
Heat Sinks
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Thermohaline Circulation
Homework
Pg. 335 # 1, 4 - 6
347 # 1 – 7.