Download Rocks - Shore Regional High School

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Transcript 
Rocks and the
Rock Cycle
I. Characteristics
A. Solid
B. Formed in nature
C. Usually a mixture of
minerals
I. Characteristics
D. Can have organic
matter
E. Identification is
based on mineral
content and texture
II. Rock Types
A. Igneous - formed
from cooling and
hardening of
magma or lava
A. Igneous
1. Extrusive - formed from
lava
a. fine or glassy texture,
small crystals
b. examples: obsidian,
pumice, basalt
A. Igneous
2. Intrusive - formed from
magma
a. Coarse texture, large
crystals
b. example: granite,
quartz
II. Rock Types
B. Sedimentary - formed
from compaction and
cementation of
sediments, usually in
water
B. Sedimentary
2 Types
a. clastic – made up of
bits and pieces of rock
or organic matter
– Example - conglomerate,
sandstone, shale
B. Sedimentary
2 Types (cont’d.)
b. non-clastic – made from
minerals dissolved in H2O
(chemical) or made up of
once living things (organic)
– Example – limestone,
gypsum, rock salt
II. Rock Types
C. Metamorphic
1. Definition - formed when
existing rocks are changed
by heat, pressure or
chemical action
C. Metamorphic
2. Types
a. foliated - visible layers
of different minerals
(example: gneiss)
b. non-foliated - no visible
layers (example:marble)
III. Coal Type/Facts
• Peat – Organic material, not yet a
rock
• Lignite - soft, low heat output, fast
burning
• Bituminous - most abundant (Va.
Resource)
• Anthracite - hard, high heat
output, slow burning
Coal Formation
Not Rock
Rock
Organic Matter
Peat
Lignite Coal
Bituminous Coal
Anthracite Coal
IV.The Rock Cycle
A continuous process
in which rocks change
from one type to
another.
V. Processes that form Rocks
A. melting
B. weathering - the breaking down of
rock by physical and chemical
means
C. compaction and cementation
D. cooling and hardening
E. heat and pressure
weathering
IGNEOUS
heat/pressure
melting
compaction/cementation
heat/pressure
weathering
cooling/hardening
melting
Magma
weathering
METAMORPHIC
melting
Sediments
SEDIMENTARY
Foldables Instructions
• Fold paper in half longwise
• Cut left half in three places
from the left edge to the fold,
making 3 flaps on the left side
• Turn paper so that the flaps
fold and face you
Foldables (cont’d.)
• On the outside place the rock
types
• On the inside top, write the
rock type definition
• On the inside bottom, write
the rock type examples
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