Download Chapter 8: Learning (7-9%)

Chapter 8: Learning (7-9%)
Study Guide
(5 classes)
Section 1: Classical Conditioning
1. classical conditioning
-Ivan Pavlov
2. associative learning
3. unconditioned stimulus
4. unconditioned response
5. conditioned stimulus
6. conditioned response
7. acquisition
8. extinction
9. spontaneous recovery
10. generalization
11. discrimination
12. (higher order conditioning)*talk about it
13. Baby Albert Experiment
-John Watson
14. aversion
-John Garcia
15. “secondary disgust”
16. Robert Rescorla
Section 3: Social/Observational Learning
1. observational learning
2. modeling
-Albert Bandura
3. Bobo doll
Section 2: Operant Conditioning
1. operant conditioning
2. law of effect
-Edward L. Thorndike
3. operant chamber
-B.F. Skinner
4. shaping
5. overjustification
6. reinforcement
7. positive reinforcement
8. negative reinforcement
9. primary reinforcer
10. secondary reinforcer
11. continuous reinforcement
12. partial/intermittent reinforcement
13. fixed-ratio
14. variable-ratio
15. fixed-interval
16. variable-interval
17. punishment
18. positive punishment
19. negative punishment
Section 4: Cognitive Learning
1. latent learning
-Edward Tolman
2. cognitive maps
Main Objectives
1. Distinguish general differences between principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning,
and observational learning.
2. Describe basic classical conditioning phenomena, such as acquisition, extinction, spontaneous
recovery, generalization, discrimination, and higher-order learning.
3. Predict the effects of operant conditioning
• positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, schedules of reinforcement
4. Predict how practice, schedules of reinforcement, and motivation will influence quality of learning.
5. Provide examples of how biological constraints create learning predispositions.
6. Describe the essential characteristics of insight learning, latent learning, and social learning.
7. Apply learning principles to explain taste aversion and learned helplessness.
8. Suggest how behavior modification, biofeedback, coping strategies, and self-control can be used to
address behavioral problems.
9. [Be able to interpret graphs that exhibit the results of learning experiments]
10. Apply learning principles to explain emotional learning, superstitious behavior, and learned
helplessness. (we will discuss this in other chapters).