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The Pathways in Human Cancer poster summarizes some of the key signaling pathways implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in humans. Within each pathway, gene products known to be mutated in human tumors—oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes—are coded with information on types of genetic alterations and conferred capabilities to the tumor. Proteins are shown using structural representatives. New to this revised poster edition are signaling pathways for Hippo Signaling, Autophagy, Warburg Effect, and Epigenetic Regulation. C Revised Edition Ras Common protein name Structural representative from PDB Ras mut oncogene tumor suppressor Type of genetic alteration mut Type of conferred capability Direct stimulatory modification This poster was created by scientists at Cell Signaling Technology in collaboration with Robert A. Weinberg and others at the forefront of cancer research. Expanded versions of each pathway, including additional downstream signaling nodes, can be found at www.cellsignal.com/CSTcancer. Direct inhibitory modification Multistep stimulatory modification Tentative stimulatory modification Transcriptional contribution TYPES OF GENETIC ALTERATIONS: Autophagy autophagosome ed ulat s Reg cytosi Exo Integrin trans, mut LC3-II Src FAK g ILK Atg16/12/5 al in GRB2 Rab8a (c-Mel) mut LC3-I as Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) mut, trans, amp, exp ULK1 FIP200 Atg13 mut PI3K Gab1 Cbl Rictor Akt mut, del PTEN PI3K amp, mut, exp PP2A mut [PIP3 ] PDK1 mut,del mut Actin Cytoskeleton Ras γ α Hypoxia β VHL mut Signa ling AC LDHA MP1 p90RSK GPCR γ α HIF-1α(-2α) p90 SynGAP mut MEK1/2 β PLCβ RasGAP PLCβ α Ras MP1 PI3K ZNRF3/RNF43 HIF-1α(-2α) HIF-1β Frizzled ERK1/2 mut in l yc p15 amp, exp amp, trans CBP β-catenin β-catenin TCF/LEF Ubiquitin mut mut Rad52 TEAD YAP/TAZ Smad 14-3-3 YAP p107 mut BMPRII Smad1/5/8 mut Smad1/5/8 Smad4 mut Smad1/5/8 SARA Smad2/3 TGFβ RII mut ERK cy mut Smad7 mut MDM2 TAK TAB2 MKK3/6 p53 NICD NIC p300 CDK7 Cyclin H , yc cy in cl lin D, E HAT c cy Gli amp, trans NICD NUMB PKA m mut Gli yc trans CDO BOC Su(Fu) amp, trans ,m Cleaved Notch HES1 nD Myc Miz-1 Delta Jagged CSL/CBF1 CDK2 Cyclin A KIF-7 mut Ptch mut Smo amp, trans Gli Epigenetic Signaling Myc Max Fos Jun Transcription KMT2/MLL KDM6A/UTX KMT4/DOT1L BRD4 TET SirT1 SWI/SNF p38 CDO BOC mut Hh Su(Fu) KIF-7 mut KMT6/EZH2 DNMT3 mut mut JNK 0 0101 10 1 0 11 0100110110101 0 01 1 011 10 1101100101 01 0110 01 Ptch Smo This poster accompanies the textbook The Biology of Cancer, Second Edition by Robert A. Weinberg and published by Garland Science. Dr. Weinberg is a founding member of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and the Daniel K. Ludwig Professor of Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 0 1101100101 1 011 0 www.cellsignal.com/CSTcancer Cell Signaling Technology would like to thank digizyme for their collaboration on the design and concept of this poster. Please visit www.digizyme.com to see more of their work. 011011011011 010011 0 01 Scienstists at Cell Signaling Technology collaborate with key opinion leaders in cancer research to create reference pathway diagrams that reflect the latest thinking in the research community. Over 40 pathway diagrams currently exist, including the pathways represented here and many others. 1011 MKK7 Presenilin amp Cdc2 Cyclin A exp TAB1 TACE p27 mut ARF mut mut Fringe amp MDM2 trans Furin Sin3 CSL/CBF1 p21 HPV-E6 Smad2/3 Smad4 Smad2/3 IKKβ Dsh vir p21 cli IKKα IκB TNFR TRAF 3 HDAC Aurora A E2F Smurf Smad4 Chk2 TRAF 2/6 NIK NFκB2 RelB amp, exp HIPK2 1011 Signaling Ras TGFβ Miz-1 Smad2/3 Smad4 mut, amp mut Chk1 Cdc25 B/C mut, amp mut DNAPK p53 mut E2F Smad2/3 mut TAB2 Smad7 BMPRI NLK BRCA1 mut NEMO mut mut,del NBS1 IKKβ Hedgehog Signaling TAK TAB1 ATM ATR Cdc25A 7 SAV1 Smad4 mut TNFR Notch mut,del p2 LATS1/2 MOB1 mut * 1, Mst1/2 trans NFκB1/2 RelA IR mut, del p2 mut mut 5, Smad1/5/8 * FANC D2 Wee1A YAP/TAZ Mer KIBRA CD44 FAT4 Cdc2 Cyclin B amp,exp CDK2 Cyclin E TRADD RAIDD TRAF2 IκB (Active) DNA Damage IKKα NFκB1/2 RelA cyclin E, A myc, cdc2 p107, E2F DP E2F p1 Hippo Signaling 14-3-3 α 12/13 RIP MEKK3 CAD mut Abl Rad51 α -catenin FRMD ICAD mut UV DNA Repair CDK7 Cyclin H αs PARP R Rb (Inactive) mut γ β TAB3 Lamins Notch Signaling β-catenin TAK TAB2 Casp-3,6,7 DP E2F myc, LGR4,5,6 β-catenin Rb 44 mut mut Src Myd88 cyclin D PAR-1 FLIPs IL1R TRAF6 mut,del mut HDAC D, CD LRP5/6 p53 IRAK cIAP vir HPV-E7 mut D p19 mut TRADD FADD Casp-8,10 Bid Casp-9 AIF Fas/DR ASK CytC Apaf-1 Smac CAD PP2A APC WTX Axin Dsh GPCR CDK4/6 Cyclin D trans Cdc25A cyclin GSK-3β CKI Bak m RAR E-cadherin p18 amp Wnt5A p120 lin SOX PAR-1 mut cyc mut p16 D yc other TFs amp, mut, exp Wnt1 MKK7 STAT STAT FKHR/ FOXO mut ,c Akt Dsh nD cycli exp Akt Elk-1 , myc Fos Jun Ubiquitin CKI Myc Max CREB amp, mut, exp [PIP3 ] tBid PUMA 01101 Wnt Signaling PI3Kγ mut JNK trans trans mut, amp ERK1/2 amp, mut, exp mut NOXA RasGEF R-spondin Bcl-2 Casp-2 mut PKC γ mut Bcl-2 p90RSK Ras c-Raf Bax Death Receptor / NF-κB Signaling RasGRP Akt Bax JNK ERK1/2 [DAG] Frizzled Bcl-xL RSK mut [IP3 ] citrate mut RasGRF GPCR Bad XIAP amp CAMKII [Ca ] exp p27 MDM2 mut Krebs Cycle 14-3-3 Bim Cyclin D p21 HIF-1β β 2+ TGFβ IDH2 PKA [cAMP] GPCR TGFβ RI lactate ERK1/2 ligand BMPs citrate IDH1 pyruvate MEK1/2 Fatty acid synthesis F-6-P Fructose Bisphosphate JNK GPCR mut R-spondin PFK PKM2 mut HPH EPAC mut G-6-P c-Raf PAK1 ect Hexokinase 14-3-3 Normoxia Glucose transporter Eff S6K GSK-3 urg Rac RTK rb Wa Cdc42 KSR mut Sustained angiogenesis IRS-1 p53 B-Raf Limitless replicative potential [PIP3 ] Rho Rap ∞ g LKB1 Raptor 14-3-3 c-Raf na lin mut mTOR Crk Raf-1 Tissue invasion & metastasis ig mTOR NF1 C3G Increased expression (unknown mechanism) Insensitivity to anti-growth signals tS Rheb RhoGEFs mut, del exp Gab2 RalBP1 GRB2 VEGF EPO PDGF TSC2 TSC1 mut 4E-BP SOS Viral infection PDK1 PI3K class III Beclin Atg14 RasGAP ALK ROS1 EGFR HER2 vir (amino acids & glucose) RalA RalB Deletion Ak AMPK Nutrients RalGEF Ras del mut Rap mut Translocation PI3K R Angiogenesis trans Self-sufficiency in growth signals Shc Rasmut RIAM/Talin Si gn phagopore membrane nucleation GRAF SOS Amplification JAK Atg4 exp mut amp TYPES OF CONFERRED CAPABILITIES: JAK SHP2 STAT GRB2 SOS STAT Atg7/3 PI3K Point mutation Evading apoptosis SQSTM1 t cys Exomplex Co del Cytokine Receptor SHP1 mut Hardcover Paperback ISBN 978-0-8153-4219-9 ISBN 978-0-8153-4220-5 www.garlandscience.com