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PRESENT TIME
PRESENT TIME

(Я ЧИТАЮ)
Я читаю (щовечора).
I read every evening. – Present Simple
 Я читаю (зараз).
I am

reading now. – Present Continuous
Я читаю (вже три години / з ранку).
I have been reading for three hours / since
morning. – Present Perfect Continuous
PRESENT SIMPLE (FORMATION)
(+) We like English.

[z]
ends, plays, plans, fills, does
• [s]
asks, puts, stops
• [iz]
passes, washes, teaches
1st form of the verb
•
He likes English.
1st form +s/es
(-) We don’t like English.
do + not + 1st form of the verb
He doesn’t like English.
does + not + 1st form of the verb
(?) Do you like English?
Why do you like English?
Does he like English?
Why does he like English?
Pronunciation of –(e)s

Spelling
•
•
-ch, -sh, -s, -x +es catches,
wishes, passes, fixes
A conconant +-y +es = ies
carries, studies
PRESENT SIMPLE (USE)

Regular repeated / routine
action
never seldom
sometimes often usually
every Sunday morning, three times a week


With stative verbs (instead of



always 
Permanent situations
Scientific facts



He comes from Canada.

Water melts at 00 C.

continuous forms)

Future (in timetables, regulations,

programmes)

Time clauses with future
meaning (as soon as, when, after,

before, till, until, if)
We go swimming every Saturday.
He never gets home after 10 p.m.
They don’t often travel abroad.

Does she hear?
I’m sorry, but I strongly disagree.
The train leaves at 9.05.
When do the lessons begin?
I’ll see him as soon as/when I am
free.
Give this to Jane if you can.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (FORMATION)
(+) I am sitting in class.
He is sitting in class.
We are sitting in class.

A consonant + -e = drop –e and
add –ing
•
smile – smiling
be+ Ving
(-) I am not chewing.
He is not chewing now.
We are not chewing now.
be+ not + Ving
(?) Are you sleeping?
Where are you going?
Is she sleeping?
Where is she going?
Spelling –ing form
One vowel + one consonant =
double the consonant and add
•
–ing
•
run - running
-ie + -ing = ying
die + ing = dying

Contracted forms
I am = I’m
is + not = isn’t
You are = you’re are + not = aren’t
He is = he’s
but I am not = I’m not
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (USE)
With action verbs to talk about

actions happening now/
around now


I think he is watching a hockey
match.
She’s carrying out an experiment.

changing / developing
situations

The weather is getting
better.

temporary situations

He is staying in the hotel.

annoying habits with
always

He’s always buying her
presents.

arrangements and plans
in future

Are you leaving tomorrow?
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (FORMATION)
(+) I’ve been cleaning the house.
He’s been cleaning the house.
have/has + been + Ving
(-) I haven’t been living in the
hotel.
She hasn’t been living in the
hotel.
have/has + not + been + Ving
(?) How long have you been
reading the book?
Contractions
(+) have = ’ve
has = ’s
(-) have + not = haven’t
has + not = hasn’t

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (USE)
An action is not complete

I’ve been studying
English.

An activity is temporary

I’ve been living here for
a year but I’m going to
move.

A recent activity (effects
are seen)

I’ve been running. I’ll
take a shower.

To emphasize how long
an action has been going
on

He’s been replying to emails all morning.

NON-CONTINUOUS VERBS
Verbs of thinking and
opinion
think* understand see
suppose mean imagine
believe know recognize
realize remember forget agree
doubt expectdeserve
Verbs of having and being
have* possess contain include
belong to seem sound owe
own weigh cost deserve
depend on need be resemble
Verbs of senses
see* hear smell
taste* feel
Verbs of emotions and feeling
like
prefer dislike want hate
wish love care hope