Download Ch 1 Sec. 2 Pronunciation

Thursday, July 23rd
Ch 1 Sec. 1 Roman Alphabet
ABCDEFGHILMNOPQRSTVX
K Y and Z were added to allow Romans to use Greek
words in Latin
J U and W were added later
J is a consonant form of I
U is a vowel form of V
W ‘double–u’ or ‘double-v’ was added to make the
sounds of w and v distinct.
Thursday, July 23rd
Ch 1 Sec. 2 Pronunciation
Consonants
• c – as in ‘cat’, never as in ‘cent’ e.g. cantō
• g – as in ‘goat’, never as in ‘gentle’ e.g. gloria
• i (j) - a consonant when before a vowel, like the y in ‘yellow’
e.g. iam
• r – rolled e.g. rectus
• s – always as in ‘sit’, never ‘z’ as in please, e.g. semper
• t – always as ‘table’, never ‘sh’, e.g. teneō, ratiō
• v – like ‘w’ asin ‘win’, e.g. victoria
• x – like ‘x’ in ox , not ‘gz’ in exert e.g. nox, rēx
Thursday, July 23rd
Ch 1 Sec. 2 Pronunciation
Consonant Blends
• bs, bt – ‘b’ like ‘p’, e.g. urbs ‘urps’
• gu, qu – as in ‘penguin’, as in ‘quart’ e.g. lingua, quod
• ch- like ‘chorus’ not bachelor’ e.g. charta
• th – as in ‘goatherd’ e.g. theatrum
• ph – ‘f’, as in ‘philosophy’, e.g. philosophia
• Double consonants – two distinct sounds e.g. puella
‘pu–el-la’
Thursday, July 23rd
Ch 1 Sec. 2 Pronunciation: Vowels
Short
Long
• a – ‘alike’ casa
ā – ‘father’ stāre
• e – ‘pet’ memoria ē – ‘they’ cēna
• i – ‘pit’ inter
ī – ‘machine’ īre
• o – ‘pot’ bonus
ō – ‘hose’ errō
• u – ‘put’ Marcus ū – ‘rude’ lūdus
Thursday, July 23rd
Ch 1 Sec. 2 Pronunciation: Diphthongs
• ae – ai in ‘aisle’ e.g. fēminae, aequus
• au – ou in ‘out’ e.g. laudō, audiō
• ei – eigh in ‘weigh’ e.g. deinde
• eu – ‘eh-oo’ e.g. heu
• oe – oi in ‘coil’ e.g. proelium
• ui – ‘oo-ee’ as in ‘tweet’ e.g. huic, cui
Friday, July 24th
Ch 1 Sec. 3 Syllabication
• Syllable - unit of a word which is one uninterrupted
sound formed by a vowel, diphthong or consonantvowel combination.
• Latin has no silent letters
Friday, July 24th
Ch 1 Sec. 3 Syllabication
Syllabication Rules:
– 1. Between two like consonants: stel –la ter-ra
– 2. between last of two or more different consonants:
ar-ma temp-to
– 3. between two vowels or a vowel and diphthong:
cha-os pe-cu-ni-ae
– 4. a single consonant between two vowels will follow the
second: me-mo-ri-a fē-mi-nae
Friday, July 24th
Ch 1 Sec. 4 Accent
Accent is vocal emphasis on a certain syllable of a
word.
Rules for Latin:
1. Two syllables – accent on first auc-tōr
2. More than two syllables – accent on next to last if it
is long (has macron) for–tū-na
3. Otherwise, accent on third to last syllable: fē-mi-na
Friday, July 24th
Ch 1 Sec. 5 Sentence Structure
Meaning conveyed in 3 ways:
1. Word Order
2. Function words which show relationship
(prepositions, articles, helping verbs, etc.)
3. Inflection (changing form of word)
English uses the first two mostly. Latin mostly uses
inflection.
Friday, July 24th
Ch 1 Sec. 5 Sentence Structure
Inflection (change of word form) changes words from
singular to plural in English and Latin:
Friday, July 24th
Ch 1 Sec. 5 Sentence Structure
In English, word order tells the subject and object:
Subject verb object.
Greece attacks Troy.
Troy attacks Greece.
In Latin, inflection also expresses relationship
between words. These sentences all mean: Greece
attacks Troy.
Friday, July 24th
Ch 1 Sec. 5 Sentence Structure
English and Latin both use Function Words to define
relationships between words, but English uses more.