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Name: Block: Date: Chapter 10: BLOOD AND CIRCULATION ASSIGNMENT Part A – BLOOD 1. The smallest of the white cells is the _______________, which has a _______________nucleus and makes _______________. 2. Oxygen is transported about the body in combination with _______________. 3. At the arterial side of a capillary, ______________________________ aids the passage of water out of the blood. At the venous side, ________________________brings about the passage of water into the blood. 4. Small organic molecules such as glucose are transported in the _______________portion of blood. 5. Blood clotting is dependent on both a formed element, _______________, and two proteins in the blood, _______________and _______________. 6. White cells are divided into the ______________________________and the ______________________________; the latter have __________________________in the cytoplasm. 7. Antibodies are protein molecules, which combine with _______________. 8. Neutrophils function by _______________bacteria. 9. Blood type AB has ______ and ______ antigens on the red cells and _________antibodies in the plasma. 10. An Rh-negative woman may form _______________that destroy her Rh_______________baby's _______________. 11. Fill in the following table: PlasmaConstituent Function Source Water Maintains blood Absorbed from _______________and _________________________ _______________molecules Plasma Proteins All maintain blood______________& ________ a. Albumin _______________ _______________ b. Fibrinogen _______________ _______________ c. Globulins Fight _______________ _______________ Gases a. Oxygen __________________________ _______________ b. CO2 End product of _______________ _______________ Nutrients: Fats, glucose, _______________for cells Absorbed from amino acids, etc. _________________________ Salts Maintain blood Absorbed from ______________________/______, _________________________ aid _______________ Wastes ____________________________ _______________ Hormones, vitamins etc. ____________________________ _______________ 12. Life cycle of red blood cells: The red cells, scientifically called _______________, are made in the _____________________________________________. Upon maturation, they are small, biconcave disks that lack a _______________, but they are filled with the complex protein called _______________, which transports oxygen about the body. After about 120 days, the red cells are destroyed in _______________or _______________. 582780977 - Page 1 of 6 13. Life cycle of white cells: Most white cells, scientifically called _______________, are made in the ______________________________, but lymphocytes are also made in the ______________________________. White cells are divided into two types, the _______________and the _______________. Leukocytes with many-lobed nuclei are called _______________. 14. Fill in the following table with the contrasting word or phrase: Neutrophil Lymphocyte polymorphonuclear ______________________________ ______________________________ agranular phagocytic ______________________________ ______________________________ made in lymphoid tissue 15. The two ways that white cells fight infection are: 16. Blood clotting: These are the reactions that occur when blood clots. Put a check beside those substances that are always present in the blood. Put an X beside those substances that arise after blood begins the process of clotting. Put a star beside those substances that act as enzymes. Underline the words that indicate the actual clot. platelets thromboblastin prothrombin thrombin fibrinogen fibrin threads 17. The capillaries are the most important part of the circulatory system because _______________________________________________________________________ ____. 18. Blood typing is based on antigen-antibody reaction, which takes place when an antigen is brought into contact with an antibody of the same type letter. The antigen-antibody reaction causes clumping or agglutination of the red cells. In the plasma, the antibodies present will not be of the same type letter as the antigen. Why not? __________________________________________________________________ 19. Fill in the following table: Blood Type of Antibody Can Receive From Can Donate To Antigen A b B a AB O a,b 20. Which combination can lead to fetal erythroblastosis? Rh _______________mother and Rh _______________father. 21. Which of the following is NOT a blood protein? a) collagen b) prothrombin c) albumin d) fibrinogen e) globulin. 22. Plasma is a) the same as tissue fluid b) the liquid remaining after blood clots c) the liquid part of blood d) all of these 582780977 - Page 2 of 6 Name: Block: Date: 23. In which way is a neutrophil like a lymphocyte? a) they both produce antibodies b) they are both phagocytic c) they are both made in lymphoid tissue d) they both have a many-lobed nucleus e) they are both white cells f) all of these 24. Water leaves capillaries at their arterial ends because a) osmotic pressure gradients are in opposite directions b) blood pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure c) a gradient is established for passive diffusion d) osmotic pressure is always greater than blood pressure e) b and d 25. Water reenters capillaries at their venule ends because of a) active transport from interstitial fluid b) a protein concentration gradient c) increasing blood pressure d) increasing hemoglobin production 26. An Rh-positive fetus being carried by an Rh-negative mother a) develops antibodies to the mother's blood b) develops antigens to the mother's blood c) may have its red cells attacked by antibodies made by the mother d) may have its red cells attacked by antigens made by the mother 27. The agglutination of red blood cells occurs whenever a) appropriate antibodies bind with antigens on red cells b) a person receives a blood transfusion from someone with an incompatible blood type c) complementary antibodies combine d) blood cells are destroyed by leukocytes e) a and b PART B – CIRCULATION 1. The major systemic artery in the body is the _______________. 2. The systemic system begins with the ______________________________ of the heart and ends with the ______________________________ of the heart. 3. Contraction of the heart is called _______________; just following contraction, blood pressure is at it _______________. 4. The SA node is often called the _______________. 5. The first wave in an electrocardiogram occurs during the contraction of the _______________; the second occurs during the contraction of the _______________. 6. A vein is a blood vessel that takes blood to the _______________. 7. Movement of blood in the veins is aided by _______________muscle contraction. 582780977 - Page 3 of 6 8. Capillaries are tiny vessels with very _______________walls, facilitating the exchange of molecules. 9. The lymph vessels begin in the tissues and eventually join the _______________veins. 10. Two dietary components that may contribute to the medical condition hypertension are _______________and _______________. 11. A stroke occurs when _______________cells are denied oxygen. 12. Label the parts of the circulatory system in this diagram below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 13. Match the structures in the key to the 1 statements below: Key: ARTERY VEIN 2 CAPILLARY i. has the thickest walls: _______________ 3 ii. has valves: _______________ iii. has the greatest total cross-sectional 4 area: _______________ iv. takes blood away from the heart: 5 _______________ v. takes blood to the heart: 6 _______________ vi. exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen with tissues: _______________ 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 8 14. The path of blood through the heart. Starting with vena cava, list the structures in order through which blood flows. Use the parts in the column on the left. Structures (Alphabetical listing) 1. aorta 2. bicuspid valve 3. left atrium 4. left ventricle 5. lungs 6. pulmonary artery 7. pulmonary semilunar valve 8. pulmonary veins 9. right atrium 10. right ventricle 11. semilunar valve 12. tricuspid valve 13. vena cava Correct Order 582780977 - Page 4 of 6 Name: Block: Date: 15. The heart beats about _______times a minute. What actually happens is that the _______________node initiates the contraction of the _______________(chambers). The nervous stimulus is picked up by the ______________________________node, and this initiates the contraction of the _______________(chambers). When the chambers are not actually contracting, they are relaxing. Contraction is termed systole, and resting is termed _______________. 16. When the atria contracts, this forces the blood through the ______________________________valves into the ______________________________. The closing of these valves is the lub sound. Next the ventricles contract and force the blood into the arteries. Now the ______________________________valves close, and this is the DUPP sound. A heart murmur is caused by ______________________________. 17. Of what significance is each of the following in an R electrocardiogram like the one on the right? i. P wave:______________________________ ii. QRS wave: ______________________________ iii. T wave: ______________________________ T 18. Using the diagram of the circulatory system in your P text that shows the major blood vessels, trace the path of blood from: i. the left ventricle to the legs: _______________, Q _______________, _______________, _______________ S ii. the legs to the right atrium: _______________, _______________, _______________ iii. the aorta to the liver: _______________, ______________________________, _______________, ______________________________, _______________ iv. the liver to the vena cava: _______________, ______________________________, _______________ 19. a) Label the indicated parts of the fetal heart at ___________ righ: b. List the four structural differences between the fetal circulatory system and the adult, as well as the function of each difference. ____________ Structure A Function Structure B Function 20. There are only two types of lymph Structure vessels, the lymph C ____________________________ Function __and the lymph Structure _______________. D Function 582780977 - Page 5 of 6 21. Mix and match the correct term for each description on the left. ___ 1. largest artery ___ 2. returns tissue fluid to the circulatory system ___ 3. prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction ___ 4. vessel transporting blood through kidneys ___ 5. vessel transporting blood through legs ___ 6. localized swelling due to excess tissue fluid ___ 7. supply blood to the heart ___ 8. the highest arterial pressure ___ 9. the lowest arterial pressure ___ 10. condition of high blood pressure ___ 11. "hardening of the arteries" ___ 12. a stationary clot along an arterial wall A B C D E F G H I J K L ___ 13. a dislodged, moving thrombus ___ 14. when a portion of the brain dies due to a lack of oxygen ___ 15. chest pain (including pain in the left arm) ___ 16. occurs when circulation to part of the heart is blocked M N valves thrombus systolic blood pressure stroke renal lymphatic system iliac hypertension heart attack embolism edema diastolic blood pressure coronary arteries atherosclerosis O P aorta angina pectoris 22. How is a lymph capillary like a blood capillary? a) they both contain blood b) they both contain valves c) they both have thin walls d) they are both connected to the vena cava 23. If you press a finger down on a prominent vein, say, on the back of your hand and then slide the finger distally to a new pressure point closer to the fingers, would you expect the section of vein you just moved along to refill with blood? Suppose you had moved the finger proximally toward the upper arm? 24. Explain how the blood that right now is arriving at your fingertips will get back to your heart. What will drive its movement? 582780977 - Page 6 of 6