Download elevation, upward rotation

Upper limb
levator scapulae
 Origin
 transverse processes of C1-C4
 Insertion
 superior angle
 Action
 scapula elevation
 downward rotation
 Blood : transverse cervical artery
 Nerve
 nerves off cervical plexus, C3,4
 dorsal scapular nerve, C5
trapezius
 Origin
▶
occipital, spinous process(C-T12), ligamentum nuchae
 Insertion
▶
acromion, clavicle, spine
 Action
scapula retraction (middle)
▶ elevation, upward rotation (upper)
▶ depression, upward rotation (lower)
▶
 Blood : transverse cervical artery
 Nerve : spinal accessory, ventral of C3-4
latissimus dorsi
 Origin
 T7-iliac crest, 3-4ribs, inferior angle
 Insertion
 intertubercular groove
 Action
 shoulder adduction
 extension
 medial rotation
 downward rotation (scapula)
 Blood : thoracodorsal artery
 Nerve : thoracodorsal nerve, C6,7,8
rhomboideus minor/major
 Origin
 spinous process of C7 & T1
 spinous processes of T2-T5
 Insertion
 medial border, spine
 Action
 scapula retraction
 downward rotation
 Blood
 transverse cervical artery
 dorsal scapular artery
 Nerve
 dorsal scapular nerve, C5, [C4]
pectoralis major
 Origin
 clavicle, sternum, cartilages
 Insertion
 Intertubercular groove
 Action
 shoulder adduction, medially rotation
 horizontal adduction, flexion, extension
 Blood
 thoracoacromial artery
 lateral thoracic artery
 Nerve
 lateral pectoral nerve, C5,6,7
 medial pectoral nerve, C8,T1
pectoralis minor
 Origin
 ribs 3-5
 Insertion
 coracoid process
 Action
 scapula depression
 downward rotation, protraction
 stabilizes the scapula
 Blood
 lateral thoracic artery
 Nerve
 medial pectoral nerve, C8,T1
serratus anterior
 Origin
 upper 1~8 ribs
 Insertion
 medial border
 Action
 scapula protraction
 upward rotation
 stabilize scapula
 Blood
 lateral thoracic artery
 thoracodorsal artery
 Nerve
 long thoracic nerve, C5,6,7
subclavius
 Origin
 1 rib
 Insertion
 lower surface of clavicle
 Action
 stabilizing clavicle
 Blood
 thoracoacromial artery
 Nerve
 nerve to the subclavius, C5,6
deltoid
 Origin
 clavicle, acromion, spine
 Insertion
 deltoid tuberosity
 Action
 shoulder flexion, horizontal adduction, medial rotation
 abduction
 extension, horizontal abduction, lateral rotation
 Blood
 humeral circumflex artery
 thoracoacromial artery
 Nerve
 axillary nerve, C5,6
subscapularis
 Origin
 subscapular fossa
 Insertion
 lesser tubercle
 Action
 shoulder medial rotation
 stabilizes the shoulder joint
 Blood
 subscapular artery
 Nerve
 subscapular nerves, C5,6
supraspinatus
 Origin
 supraspinous fossa
 Insertion
 greater tubercle
 Action
 shoulder abduction
 stabilizes the shoulder joint
 Blood
 suprascapular artery
(poorly supplied)
 Nerve
 suprascapular nerve, C5,6
infraspinatus
 Origin
 infraspinous fossa
 Insertion
 greater tubercle
 Action
external rotation
 stabilizes the shoulder joint
 Blood
 suprascapular artery
 scapular circumflex artery
 Nerve
 suprascapular nerve, C5,6

shoulder
teres major
 Origin
 Inferior angle
 Insertion
 lesser tubercle(bicipital)
 Action
 shoulder adduction
 medial rotation
 extension
 Blood
 thoracodorsal artery
 Nerve
 lower subscapular nerve, C5,6
teres minor
 Origin
 axillary border
 Insertion
 greater tubercle
 Action
 shoulder lateral rotation
 stabilizes the shoulder joint
 Blood
 scapular circumflex artery
 Nerve
 axillary nerve, C5,6
Coracobrachialis
 Origin: coracoid process
 Insertion: medial shaft (humerus)
 Action:
 shoulder flexion
 assists to adduction
 Blood: brachial artery
 Nerve: C5,6,7
Biceps brachii
• Origin
 long : supraglenoid tubercle
 short : coracoid process
• Insertion
 radial tuberosity
• Action
 elbow flexion
 supination
 stabilizes the shoulder
 shoulder flexion (weak if at all)
• Blood: brachial artery
• Nerve: C5,6
brachialis
u
u
u
u
u
Origin:
u 1/2 of anterior humerus
Insertion:
u ulnar tuberosity
Action: elbow flexion
Blood:
u brachial artery
u radial recurrent artery
Nerve: musculocutaneous nerve, C5,6
brachioradialis
u
u
u
Origin:
u lateral supracondylar
Insertion:
u styloid process of radius
Action:
u elbow flexion
u pronates the forearm when supinated
u supinates the forearm when pronated
u
Blood: radial recurrent artery
u
Nerve: radial nerve, C5,6
triceps brachii
 Origin
 long : intraglenoid tubercle
 lateral / medial : radial groove(above/below)
 Insertion
 olecranon process
 Action
 long : elbow extension, shoulder extension
 lateral / medial : elbow extension
 Blood
 brachial artery
 superior ulnar collateral artery
 profunda brachii artery
 Nerve
 radial nerve, C6,7
anconeus
 Origin
 lateral epicondyle
 Insertion
 olecranon process
 Action
 elbow extension
 supports the elbow when in full extension
 Blood
 middle collateral artery
 Nerve
 radial nerve, C7,8
pronator teres
 Origin
 medial epicondyle
 ulnar head
 Insertion
 lateral aspect of radius
 Action
 pronation
 weakly flexes the elbow
 Blood
 ulnar / radial artery
 Nerve
 median nerve, C6,7
pronator quadratus
 Origin
 distal of anterior ulna
 Insertion
 distal of anterior radius
 Action
 pronation
 Blood
 radial artery, interosseous artery
 Nerve
 median nerve, C8,T1
supinator
 Origin
 lateral epicondyle of humerus
 supinator crest of ulna
 radial collateral ligament
 Insertion
 anteriorlateral surface of the radius
 Action
 supinates the forearm
 Blood
 radial recurrent artery
 Nerve
 radial nerve, C6
flexor carpi radialis
 Origin
 medial epicondyle
 Insertion
 base of the 2nd-3rd metacarpals
 Action
 wrist flexion
 radial deviation
 assist to pronation
 Blood
 muscular branches of radial artery
 Nerve
 median nerve, C6,7
flexor carpi ulnaris
 Origin
 medial epicondyle
 Insertion
 pisiform & hamate
 base of the 5th metacarpal
 Action
 wrist flexion
 ulnar deviation
 stabilizes wrist
 Blood
 muscular branches of ulnar artery
 Nerve
 ulnar nerve, C8,T1
palmaris longus
 Origin
 medial epicondyle
 Insertion
 palmar aponeurosis
 Action
 wrist flexion
 Blood
 muscular branches of ulnar artery
 Nerve
 median nerve, C6,7
flexor digitorum superficialis
 Origin
 ulnar / radial head, medial epicondyle
 Insertion
 2-5 middle phalanges
 Action
 flexion of 2-5 (PIP)
 flexes the wrist if fingers are extended
 Blood
 muscular branches of ulnar/ radial artery
 Nerve
 median nerve, C7,8,T1
flexor digitorum profundus
 Origin
 middle of anterior ulna
 interosseous membrane
 Insertion
 2-5 distal phalanges
 Action
 flexion of 2-2 (DIP)
 Blood
 ulnar / radial artery
 anterior interosseous artery
 Nerve
 ulnar nerve, C8,T1, median nerve, C8,T1
flexor pollicis longus
 Origin
 middle of anterior radius
 interosseous membrane
 Insertion
 distal phalanges of thumb
 Action
 flexion of thumb at IP joint
 Blood
 radial artery, interosseous artery
 Nerve
 median nerve, C8,T1
extensor carpi radialis longus
 Origin
 lateral epicondyle
 Insertion
 base of 2nd metacarpal
 Action
 wrist extension
 radial deviation
 Blood
 radial artery
 Nerve
 radial nerve, C5,6
extensor carpi radialis brevis
 Origin
 lateral epicondyle
 Insertion
 base of 3rd metacarpal
 Action
 wrist extension
 radial deviation
 Blood
 radial artery
 Nerve
 radial nerve, C6,7
extensor digitorum
 Origin
 lateral epicondyle
 Insertion
 base of 2-5 middle / distal phalanges
 Action
 extension of 2-5 (MP)
 extends the wrist if fingers flexed
 Blood
 posterior interosseous artery
 Nerve
 radial nerve, C6,7,8
extensor digitorum minimi
 Origin
 lateral epicondyle
 Insertion
 base of 5th middle / distal phalanges
 Action
 extension of 5th (MP)
 Blood
 posterior interosseous artery
 Nerve
 radial nerve, C6,7,8
extensor carpi ulnaris
 Origin
 lateral epicondyle
 Insertion
 base of the 5th metacarpal
 Action
 wrist extension
 ulnar deviation
 Blood
 posterior interosseous artery
 Nerve
 radial nerve, C6,7,8
abductor pollicis longus
 Origin
 posterior surfaces of ulna and radius
 Insertion
 lateral aspect of base of 1st metacarpal
 Action
 abducts the 1st metacarpal
 assists to extend & rotate the thumb
 radially deviates the hand at the wrist
 flexes the hand at the wrist
 Blood
 posterior interosseous artery
 Nerve
 radial nerve, C6,7,8
extensor pollicis brevis
 Origin
 posterior surfaces of radius
 Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx of thumb
 Action
 extends the proximal phalanx
& 1st metacarpal of the thumb
 radially deviates the hand at the wrist
 Blood
 posterior interosseous artery
 Nerve
 radial nerve, C6,7,8
extensor pollicis longus
 Origin
 posterior surfaces of ulna
 Insertion
 distal phalanx of thumb
 Action
 extends distal phalanx of thumb
 extends proximal phalanx of thumb
 assists to extend the hand at the wrist
 Blood
 posterior interosseous artery
 Nerve
 radial nerve, C6,7,8
extensor indicis
 Origin
 posterior surfaces of ulna
 Insertion
 base of middle and distal phalanx
of the index finger
 Action
 extends the 2nd digit
 adducts the 2nd digit
 assists to extend the hand at the wrist
 stabilizes MP joint for flexion of IP solely
 Blood : posterior interosseous artery
 Nerve : radial nerve, C6,7,8
abductor pollicis brevis
 Origin
 flexor retinaculum, trapezium
 Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
 Action
 thumb abduction
 assist to flex the thumb
 assist to extend the thumb
 Blood : radial artery
 Nerve : median nerve, C8,T1
flexor pollicis brevis
 Origin
 flexor retinaculum, trapezium
 trapezoid, capitate
 Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
 Action
 thumb flexion (MP)
 Blood : radial artery
 Nerve : median nerve, C8,T1
opponens pollicis
 Origin
 flexor retinaculum
 Insertion
 lateral shaft of 1st metacarpal
 Action
 opposition of thumb
 Blood
 radial artery
 Nerve
 median nerve, C8,T1
abductor pollicis
 Origin
 base of 1st, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
 carpal tunnel
 Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
 Action
 thumb adduction
 assist to flex the thumb
 Blood : radial artery
 Nerve : ulnar nerve, C8,T1
abductor digiti minimi
 Origin
 pisiform
 Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
 Action
 5th digit abduction
 assists to flex the 5th digit
 assist in extension of 5th digit
 Blood : ulnar artery
 Nerve : ulnar nerve, C8,T1
flexor digiti minimi brevis
 Origin
 flexor retinaculum
 hamate
 Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
 Action
 flexes the 5th digit
 Blood : ulnar artery
 Nerve : ulnar nerve, C8,T1
oppenens digiti minimi
 Origin
 distal border of flexor retinaculum
 hamate
 Insertion
 medial aspect of the 5th metacarpal
 Action
 opposition of 5th digit
 Blood : ulnar artery
 Nerve : ulnar nerve, C8,T1
lumbricales
 Origin
 tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
 Insertion
 extensor hood of digits 2-5
 Action
 flexes the fingers (MP joints)
 extention of fingers PIP & DIP
 Blood : palmar metacarpal artery
 Nerve : median/ulnar nerve, C8,T1
interossei palmares
 Origin
 from the side of the metacarpal
 Insertion
 proximal phalanx of the digit of origin
 Action
 adducts the fingers(2, 4, 5th)
 assists lumbricals
 Blood : palmar metacarpal artery
 Nerve : ulnar nerve, C8,T1
interossei dorsales
 Origin
 between each metacarpal
 Insertion
 base of the proximal phalanx
 Action
 abduction of 2, 3, 4, 5th fingers
 assists lumbricals
 Blood : palmar metacarpal artery
 Nerve : ulnar nerve, C8,T1
Lower limb
iliopsoas
 Origin
 inner surface of upper iliac fossa
 transverse processes of L1-L5
 vertebral bodies of T12-L4
 Insertion
 lesser trochanter
 Action
 hip flexion
 lateral rotation
 Blood : medial femoral circumflex artery
 Nerve : femoral nerve, L3,4 / ventral rami, L1,2,3
gluteus maximus
 Origin
 ilium / posterior sacrum
 superior gluteal line
 Insertion
 IT band / gluteal tuberosity
 Action
 hip extension
 hip lateral rotation
 assist hip abduction (upper)
 IT band stabilize a fully extended knee
 Blood : gluteal artery
 Nerve : inferior gluteal nerve, L5,S1,2v
gluteus medius
 Origin
 iliac crest
 between superior & middle gluteal lines
 Insertion
 greater trochanter
 Action
 hip abduction
 medial rotation (anterior)
 stabilizes the pelvis
 prevents free limb during gait
 Blood : superior gluteal artery
 Nerve : superior gluteal nerve, L4,5,S1
gluteus minimus
 Origin
 between middle & inferior gluteal lines
 Insertion
 greater trochanter
 Action
 hip abduction
 medial rotation
 Nerve : superior gluteal nerve, L4,5,S1
 Blood : superior gluteal artery
sartorius
 Origin
 anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
 Insertion
 upper medial shaft of tibia
 Action
 flexes hip and knee
 laterally rotates thigh if flexed at the hip
 Blood
 femoral artery
 descending genicular artery
 Nerve
 femoral nerve, L2,3
tensor fasciae latae
 Origin
 iliac crest (anterior)
 anterior superior iliac spine(ASIS)
 Insertion
 IT band (lateral condyle)
 Action
 knee extension
 assist hip flexion, medial rotation, abduction
 support femur on the tibia during standing
 Blood : gluteal artery / femoral artery
 Nerve : superior gluteal nerve, L4,5,S1
rectus femoris
 Origin
 anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
 upper margin of acetabulum
 Insertion
 tibial tuberosity
 Action
 knee extension
 hip flexion
 Blood : lateral femoral circumflex artery
 Nerve : femoral nerve, [L2],3,4v
vastus lateralis
 Origin
 greater trochanter
 linea aspera
 Insertion
 tibial tuberosity
 Action
 knee extension
 Blood : lateral femoral circumflex artery
 Nerve : femoral nerve, [L2],3,4v
vastus intermidius
 Origin
 anterior & lateral femoral shaft
 Insertion
 tibial tuberosity
 Action
 extends knee
 Blood
 lateral femoral circumflex artery
 Nerve
 femoral nerve, [L2],3,4v
vastus medialis
 Origin
 linea aspera
 Insertion
 tibial tuberosity
 Action
 knee extension
 Blood
 descending genicular artery
 femoris artery
 Nerve
 femoral nerve, [L2],3,4v
biceps femoris
 Origin
 ischial tuberosity / linea aspera
 Insertion
 head of fibula (lateral condyle)
 Action
 knee flexion (short head)
 hip extension (long head)
 laterally rotation (if flexed at the knee)
 Blood : gluteal artery
 Nerve
 tibial nerve, L5,S1,2
 common peroneal nerve, L5,S1
semitendinosus
 Origin
 ischial tuberosity
 Insertion
 antreior porximal tibial shaft
 Action
 hip extension
 knee flexion
 medial rotation of flexed knee
 Blood
 gluteal artery
 branches of profunda femoris
 Nerve
 tibial nerve of sciatic bundle, L5,S1,2
Semimembranosus
 Origin
 ischial tuberosity
 Insertion
 posterior medial tibial condyle
 Action
 hip extension
 knee flexion
 medial rotation of flexed knee
 pulls medial meniscus posterior during flexion
 Blood
 gluteal artery
 branches of profunda femoris
 Nerve : tibial nerve of sciatic bundle, L5,S1,2
pectineus
 Origin
 anterior pubis
 Insertion
 between lesser trochanter & linea aspera
 Action
 hip flexion
 assist adduction & medial rotation
 Blood : medial femoral circumflex artery
 Nerve : femoral nerve L3,4
obturator nerve L2,3,4
adductor brevis
 Origin
 anterior pubis
 Insertion
 linea aspera (posterior)
 Action
 hip adduction
 assist flexion & medial rotation
 Blood
 femoral artery
 Nerve
 obturator nerve L2,3,4
adductor longus
 Origin
 anterior pubis
 Insertion
 linea aspera
 Action
 hip adduction
 assist flexion & medial rotation
 Blood
 femoral artery
 Nerve
 obturator nerve L2,3,4
adductor magnus
 Origin
 pubic ramus, ischial tuberosity
 Insertion
 linea aspera, adductor tubercle
 Action
 hip adduction
 assist flexion (anterior)
 assist extension (posterior)
 Blood
 femoral artery
 Nerve
 obturator nerve L2,3,4 / tibial nerve
gracilis
 Origin
 pubic ramus
 Insertion
 medial proximal tibia
 Action
 hip adduction
 assist knee flexion
 Blood
 obturator artery
 Nerve
 obturator nerve L2,3,4
deep external rotators
# piriformis
# gemellus superior
# gemellus inferior
# obturator internus
# obtruator externus
# quadratus femoris
deep external rotators
 Origin
 sacrum (anterior), ischium
 obturator foramen
 Insertion
 greater trochanter
 Action
 hip lateral rotation
 Nerve : sacral plexus
 Blood
popliteus
 Origin
 lateral femoral epicondyle
 Insertion
 posterior tibial surface
 Action
 insertion fixed: laterally rotates femur on tibia
 origin fixed: medially rotates tibia on femur
 Blood : peroneal artery
 Nerve : tibial nerve, L5,S1,2
gastrocnemius
 Origin
 medial / lateral epicondyle
 Insertion
 calcaneus via tendo Achilles
 Action
 ankle plantarflexion
 assist knee flexion (when not weight bearing)
 stabilizes ankle & knee when standing
 Blood : popliteal / peroneal / posterior tibial artery
 Nerve : tibial nerve, S1,2
soleus
 Origin
 upper fibula
 soleal line of tibia
 Insertion
 calcaneus via tendo Achilles
 Action
 ankle plantarflexion
 Blood : popliteal / peroneal / tibial artery
 Nerve : tibial nerve, S1,2
tibialis anterior
 Origin
 anteriolateral shaft of tibia
 interosseous membrane
 Insertion
 base of 1st metatarsal
 medial(1st) cuneiform
 Action
 strongest dorsiflexor
 inverts & adducts the foot
 Blood : anterior tibial artery
 Nerve : deep peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1
posterior tibialis
 Origin
 posterior tibia & fibula
 Insertion
 navicular / 3 cuneiforms / cuboid
 bases of 2-4 metatarsals
 Action
 inversion
 assists plantar flexion
 stabilizes ankle
 prevents hyperpronation while in gait
 Blood : peroneal / tibial artery
 Nerve : tibial nerve, L5,S1
peroneus longus
 Origin
 lateral surface of fibula
 Insertion
 base of 1st metatarsal
 1st cuneiform
 Action
 eversion & abduction
 assists plantar flexion
 Blood : peroneal artery
 Nerve : peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1
peroneus brevis
 Origin
 lateral surface of fibula
 Insertion
 base of 5th metatarsal
 Action
 eversion & abduction
 assists plantar flexion
 Blood : peroneal artery
 Nerve : peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1
peroneus tertius
 Origin
 anterior distal fibula
 Insertion
 base of 5th metatarsal
 Action
 assist eversion
 assist dorsiflexion
 Blood : anterior tibial artery
 Nerve : deep peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1
plantaris
 Origin
 lateral epicondyle of femur
 Insertion
 calcaneus via tendo Achilles
 Action
 assists plantar flexin
 assits knee flexion
 Blood : popliteal / peroneal / tibial artery
 Nerve : tibial nerve, S1,2
extensor digitorum longus
 Origin
 lateral condyle
 upper anterior surface of fibula
 Insertion
 2nd-5th middle phalanges
 2nd-5th distal phalanges
 Action
 2-5 toe extension
 assist dorsiflexion & eversion
 Blood : anterior tibial artery
 Nerve : deep peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1
extensor hallucis longus
 Origin
 medial aspect of the fibula
 interosseous membrane
 Insertion
 base of distal phalanx of hallux
 Action
 extension of big toe
 assist dorsiflexion
 assist inversion & adduction
 Blood : anterior tibial artery
 Nerve : deep peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1
flexor digitorum longus
 Origin
 posterior surface of tibia
 Insertion
 plantar surface of bases
of the 2-5th distal phalanges
 Action
 primarily flexes 2nd - 5th toes
 weak plantarflexor
 weak inversion & adduction of foot
 Blood : peroneal / tibial artery
 Nerve : tibial nerve, L5,S1
flexor hallucis longus
 Origin
 posterior fibula
 Insertion
 distal phalanges of hallux
 Action
 big toe flexion
 assist plantar flexion
 assists inversion & adduction
 Blood : peroneal / tibial artery
 Nerve : tibial nerve, L5,S1,2
extensor hallucis brevis
 Origin
 anterior calcaneus
 Insertion
 base of 1st phalanges
 Action
 hallux extension
 Blood : dorsalis pedis artery
 Nerve : peroneal nerve, L4,5
extensor digitorum brevis
 Origin
 anterior calcaneus
 Insertion
 extensor expansion
of 2-4 toes
 Action
 aids extension of 4 medial toes
 Blood : dorsalis pedis artery
 Nerve : peroneal nerve, L4,5
abductor hallucis
 Origin
 calcaneal tuberosity
 Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx 1
 Action
 flexion (big toe at MP)
 abduction (big toe at MP)
 Blood : medial plantar artery
 Nerve :
 medial plantar nerve, L5,S1
flexor digitorum brevis
 Origin
 calcaneal tuberosity
 Insertion
 middle phalanges of 2-5
 Action
 flexes toes 2-5 (PIP)
 Blood : medial plantar artery
 Nerve : plantar nerve, L5,S1
abductor digiti minimi
 Origin
 calcaneal tuberosity
 Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx (5)
 Action
 abduction (5th toe at MP)
 flexion (5th toe at MP)
 lood : lateral plantar artery
 Nerve B: plantar nerve, L5,S1
quadratus plantae
 Origin
 calcaneus
 Insertion
 tendon of flexor digitorum longus
 Action
 assists FDL in flexion
 Blood : lateral plantar artery
 Nerve : plantar nerve, L5,S1
lumbricales
 Origin
 tendons of FDL
 Insertion
 extensor tendons of EDL
 Action
 flexion of MP joint
 extension of DIP & PIP
 Blood
 plantar artery
 Nerve
 plantar nerve, L5,S1
flexor hallucis brevis
 Origin
 cuneiform
 Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx of 1st
 Action
 flexion of MP (big toe)
 Blood : medial plantar artery
 Nerve
 medial plantar nerve, L5,S1
adductor hallucis
 Origin
 base of 2nd-4th metatarsals
 Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx of 1st
 Action
 adduction (big toe at MP)
 flexion (big toe at MP)
 Blood : plantar artery
 Nerve : lateral plantar nerve, S1,2
flexor digiti minimi brevis
 Origin
 cuboid, base 5th metatarsal
 Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx of 5th
 Action
 flexion (5th toe at MP)
 abducts (5th toe at MP)
 Blood : lateral plantar artery
 Nerve : plantar nerve, L5,S1
dorsal interosssei
 Origin
 between metatarsals
 Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx (2-4)
 Action
 abduction of toes 2-4 at MP
 Blood : lateral plantar arch
 Nerve : lateral plantar nerve S1,2
plantar interosssei
 Origin
 medial aspect of 3-5 metatarsals
 Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx (3-5)
 Action
 adduction toes 3-5
 Blood : lateral plantar arch
 Nerve : plantar nerve, L5,S1
Trunk muscle
Splenius capitis
 Origin
 ligament nuchae
 Spinous process of C7~T3
 Insertion
 Occipital bone
 Mastoid process
 Action
 Neck extension, rotation
 Nerve : C-nerves (post. Branch)
Splenius cervicis
 Origin
 Spinous process of T3~T6
 Insertion
 Transverse process of C1~C3
 Action
 Neck extension, rotation
 Trunk extension
 Nerve : C-nerves (post. Branch)
Serratus posterior superior
 Origin
 ligament nuchae
 Spinous process of C7~T2
 Insertion
 2~5th ribs (cranial board)
 Action
 Raise the ribcage
 Nerve : 1~4 intercstal nerve
Serratus posterior inferior
 Origin
 Spinous process of T11~L2
 Insertion
 9~12th ribs (inferior board)
 Action
 pull the ribcage down
 Nerve : 9~12 intercstal nerve
Erector spinae
iliocostalis
 Origin
 Thoracolumbar aponeurosis
 Posterior ribs
 Insertion
 Posterior ribs
 Transverse process of cervical vertebra
 Action
 Spine extension, lateral flexion
 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)
Longissimus
 Origin
 Thoracolumbar aponeurosis
 Transverse process of cervical & thoracic vertebra
 Insertion
 Mastoid process
 Transverse process of cervical & thoracic vertebra
 Action
 Spine extension, lateral flexion
 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)
Spinalis
 Origin
 Ligamentum nuchae
 Spinous process of cervical & thoracic vertebra
 Insertion
 Occipital bone
 spinous process of cervical & thoracic vertebra
 Action
 Spine extension, lateral flexion
 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)
Semispinalis
 Origin
 T.P of cervical & thoracic
 Insertion
 S.P of cervical & thoracic
 Action
 Spine extension
 Rotation opposite side
 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)
Multifidus
 Origin
 Sacrum, PSIS
 Transverse process of vertebra
 Insertion
 Spinous process of vertebra
 Action
 Spine extension
 Rotation opposite side
 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)
Rotatores
 Origin
 Transverse process of vertebra
 Insertion
 Lamina
 Spinous process of vertebra
 Action
 Spine extension
 Rotation opposite side
 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)
Interspinalis
 Origin
 spinous processes
 Insertion
 Spinous processes one above
 Action
 Spine extension
 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)
Intertransversarii
 Origin
 Transverse processes
 Insertion
 Transverse processes one above
 Action
 Spine lateral flexion
 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)
Quadratus lumborum
 Origin
 Posterior iliac crest
 Insertion
 12th rib
 Transverse process of lumbar
 Action
 Trunk lateral flexion
 Raise hip
 Nerve : T12, L1
Rectus abdominis
 Origin
 5, 6, 7 costal cartilage
 Insertion
 Pubic symphysis
 Action
 Trunk flexion
 복압상승
 Nerve : 7~12 intercostal nerve
Transverse abdominalis
 Origin
 Inguinal ligament, iliac crest
 Thoracolumbar aponeurosis
 Insertion
 Abdominal aponeurosis, pubis
 Action :복압상승
 Nerve
 7~12 intercostal nerve
 L1 (iliohypogastric N., ilioinguinal N.)
External oblique
 Origin :Lower 8th rib
 Insertion
 Iliac crest
 Abdominal aponeurosis
 Action
 Trunk flexion, rotation opposite side
 Lateral flexion
 Nerve : 8~12 intercostal nerve
L1 (iliohypogatric N., ilioinguinal N.)
Internal oblique
 Origin
 inguinal ligament
 Anterior iliac crest
 Insertion
 9~12th rib costal cartilage
 Abdominal aponeurosis
 Action
 Trunk flexion, rotation opposite side
 Lateral flexion
 Nerve : 8~12 intercostal nerve
L1 (iliohypogatric N., ilioinguinal N.)
scalenes
 Origin
 Transverse process of cervical
 Insertion
 1st , 2nd rib
 Action
 Elevate ribs(inspiration)
 Neck lateral flexion
 Nerve
 C6~C8
Temporalis
 Origin
 Temporal bone
 Insertion
 Mandible (coronoid process)
 Action
 Elevate mandible
 Nerve : trigeminal nerve
Masseter
 Origin
 Zygomatic arch
 Insertion
 Mandible (lateral ramus)
 Action
 Elevate mandible
 Nerve : trigeminal nerve
Facial muscle
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Galea aponeurosis
Frontal belly
Corrugator supercilii
Orbicularis oculi
Procerus
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Nassalis
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus minor
Zygomaticus major
Levator anguli oris
Buccinator
Parotid duct
Masseter
Orbicularis oris
Risorius
Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Mentalis
Platysma
Nerve
dermatomes
Cervical plexus
Brachial plexus
Lumbar & sacral
plexus
olfactory nerve
감각성
후각
superior midbrain
optic nerve
감각성
시각,홍채의 열고 닫힘
superior midbrain
oculomotor nerve
운동성
안구운동
midbrain
trochlear nerve
운동성
안구운동
midbrain
trigeminal nerve
혼합성
안면감각, 저작운동
pons
abducens nerve
운동성
안구운동
pons
facial nerve
혼합성
안면근육, 타액분비, 혀 2/3 감각
pons
vestibulocochlear
nerve
감각성
청각, 평형각
pons
glossopharyngeal
nerve
혼합성
미각, 연하, 타액분비(귀밑샘)
medulla oblongata
vagus nerve
혼합성
내정운동, 심장 박동수 억제, 호흡
․소화 촉진
medulla oblongata
accessory nerve
운동성
연하, 발성, 두부 및 경부의 운동
medulla oblongata
hypoglossal nerve
운동성
혀의 움직임
medulla oblongata
Spinal tract
1. Posterior funiculus
2. Posterior spinocerebellar tract
3. Anterior spinocerebellar tract
4. Lateral spinothalamic tract
5. Spinotectal tract
6. Anterior spinothalamic tract
7. Spino-olivary tract
8. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
9. Anterior corticospinal tract
10. Pontine reticulospinal tract
11. Tectospinal tract
12. Vestibulospinal tract
13. Medullary reticulospinal tract
14. Rubrospinal tract
15. Lateral corticospinal tract
ROM Test
각도계의 배치법
운동방향
정상가동범위
Shoulder Flex.
0~180
Shoulder
exten.
0~50
Shoulder abd.
0~180
Shoulder add.
0~40
Shoulder
int. rot.
0~90
Shoulder
ext. rot.
0~90
Elbow flex.
0~145
고정자(SA)
가동자(MA)
축(Axis)
Acromion 을
통과하는
수직선
Humerus의
중심선
Acromion
process
침상과의
수직선
Ulna의 중심선
Olecranon
process
Humerus의
중심선
Radius의
중심선
Elbow joint
각도계의 배치법
운동방향
정상가동범위
Forearm
pronation
0~80
Forearm
supination
0~85
Wrist flex.
0~80
Wrist exten.
0~70
Wrist abd.
0~40
Wrist add.
0~45
고정자(SA)
가동자(MA)
축(Axis)
침상과의 수직
Styloid
process의 위
치에서 carpal
joint 의 외측면
Styloid
process
radius
2nd
metacarpal
Bone
Radial styloid
Forearm 의
중심
3rd metacarpal
Wrist join
middle
각도계의 배치법
운동방향
hip Flex.
정상가동범위
0~125(knee
flex.)
0~90(knee
exten.)
hip exten.
0~10
hip abd.
0~45
hip add.
0~40
hip
int. rot.
0~45
hip
ext. rot.
0~45
고정자(SA)
가동자(MA)
축(Axis)
Trunk와 평행
Femur의 중심
Greater
trochanter
좌우 ASIS를
잇는 수평선
Thigh의
중앙선
ASIS
Knee 90굴곡
에서 patella의
수선
Tibial shaft
middle
patella
각도계의 배치법
운동방향
정상가동범위
Knee flex
0~140
Ankle
dorsiflex.
0~20
Ankle
plantarflex.
0~45
Foot eversion
0~20
Foot inversion
0~40
고정자(SA)
가동자(MA)
축(Axis)
Greater
trochanter에서
lat. Condyle의
중심
Fibular head
에서 malleolus
의 중심
Knee joint
Fibula 축으로의
수선
5th metatarsal
Bone
Ankle joint
Leg의 중앙선
Calcaneus중앙
두 malleolus
사이