Download Autonomic Nervous System

A&P
Turk
 Differ
in
 Effectors
 motor unit of ANS is two-neuron chain
preganglionic neuron
 postganglionic neuron
 autonomic ganglion

 norepinephrine
secreted by most
sympathetic fibers
 acetylcholine by most parasympathetic
fibers
 Parasympathetic

maintenance activities
 Sympathetic


Fight-or-flight
galvanic skin response

Unique origin sites
Parasympathetic emerge from brain and sacral spinal
cord
 Sympathetic originate from thoracolumbar region of
spinal cord


different lengths of their fibers
Parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short
postganglionic fibers
 Sympathetic has short preganglionic and long
postganglionic fibers


Location of ganglia
Parasympathetic located on visceral effector organs
 Sympathetic ganglia lie close to spinal cord

 Cranial




Oculomotor nerves (III)
Facial Nerves (VII)
Glossopharyngeal nerves (IX)
Vagus Nerve (X)
 Sacral

Outflow
Outflow
pelvic splanchnic nerves
 T1-L2
 lateral

horns
preganglionic sympathetic
neurons (visceral motor zones)
 ventral
root
 sympaythetic trunk



Synapse with postganglionic
Ascend or descend the chain
Pass through the chain without
synapsing
 Visceral
sensory neurons
 receptor, sensory neuron, integration center,
motor neuron, and effector
 two neuron chain
 Neurotransmitters

Acetycholine (ACh)




Nicotinic receptors – always excitatory
Muscarinic Receptors – excitatory or inhibitory
Norepiniphrine (NE)


Preganglioic axons and parasympathetic potganglionic
cholinergic fibers
Cholinergic Receptors


and receptors
adrenergic fibers
Adrenergic Receptors


Alpha - stimulatory
Beta - inhibitory
 Atropine

anticholinergic drug
 Neostgmine

acetylcholinesterase
 Beta

blockers
adrenergic blockers
 Antagonisitic

Heart, respiratory system, and gastrointestinal
organs
 Sympathetic

Relationships
and Parasympathetic tone
sympathetic or vasomotor tone
 Cooperative
effects
 Unique role of sympathetic division
 Localized
versus diffuse
effects
 Brain stem and spinal
cord controls

Hypothalamus
 Cortical

Controls
Biofeedback training