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Vocabulary Review
GENETICS
1
Study of how characteristics
are transmitted from parent
to offspring
GENETICS
2
The father of genetics
GREGOR MENDEL
3
Physical feature determined
by the genotype
PHENOTYPE
4
Plant used by Mendel for his
hereditary studies
GARDEN PEAS
5
Transmission of
characteristics from parent
to offspring
HEREDITY
6
A genetically determined
characteristic
TRAIT
7
Stronger of two alleles that
shows up most often
DOMINANT
8
Transferring pollen grains
from anthers to the stigma of
flowers
POLLINATION
9
How garden peas are
pollinated
SELF
POLLINATION
10
Female part of a flower
STIGMA
11
Having identical alleles (AA or
aa)
HOMOZYGOUS
12
Another term for a
heterozygous genotype
HYBRID
13
Law stating that a pair of
alleles will separate whenever
gametes are formed
LAW OF
SEGREGATION
14
F1 Dihybrid phenotypic ratio
AaBb X AaBb
9:3:3:1
15
A genotype having one
dominant and one recessive
allele
HETEROZYGOUS
16
Law stating that alleles
separate independently of
each other when sperm and
eggs are formed
LAW OF INDEPENDENT
ASSORTMENT
17
F1 Monohybrid Genotypic ratio
Aa X Aa
1:2:1
18
F1 Monohybrid Phenotypic
ratio
Aa X Aa
3:1
19
How Mendel pollinated garden
peas
CROSS
POLLINATION
20
Male part of a flower
ANTHER/STAMEN
21
The generation of truebreeding plants that Mendel
used first
P1 GENERATION
22
Two forms of a gene
ALLELES
23
Instructions on DNA that
code for specific proteins or
traits
GENES
24
The weaker of two alleles in a
pair that is often masked by
the dominant allele
RECESSIVE
25
Gene combination in the
offspring
GENOTYPE
26
Dominance that occurs
whenever both alleles for a
trait are expressed
CODOMINANCE
27
Type of genetics that studies
the genes and chromosomes
of an organism
MOLECULAR
GENETICS
28
Type of letter used to
represent a dominant allele
CAPITAL
29
What Mendel called alleles in
his experiments with pea
plants
FACTORS
30
The likelihood that an event
will occur like tossing heads
or tails on a coin
PROBABILITY
31
Cross involving two traits
DIHYBRID
32
Dominance that occurs
whenever the hybrid genotype
produces a new, intermediate
phenotype
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
33
Used to solve genetics
problems
PUNNETT SQUARE
34
Generation of all hybrids
produced by crossing two pure
organisms
F1 GENERATION
35
Crossing a hybrid with a pure
organism is this type of cross
(1:1)
TESTCROSS
36
Genetic cross involving a
single trait
MONOHYBRID
37
Type of dominance in which
the dominant allele is always
expressed
COMPLETE
DOMINANCE
38
Generation that shows a 3:1
ratio of phenotypes
F2 GENERATION
39
Genes carried on the X
chromosomes
Sex Linked Traits
40
The science of
heredity and passing
from parents to
offspring
Genetics
The passing of
genetic traits from
parent to offspring
Heredity
A genetically
determined variant of
a characteristic
Trait
The transfer of pollen from
the male reproductive
structures to the tip of a
female reproductive structure
Pollination
The transfer of pollen
from anther to stigma
of another flower on
the same plant
Self-pollination
A reproductive process in
which pollen from one plant
is transferred to the stigma
of another plant
Cross-pollination
Describes organisms
or genotypes that are
homozygous for a
specific trait
True-breeding
Parental generation;
the first two
individuals that mate
in a genetic cross
P generation
The first generation of
offspring obtained from
an experimental cross of
two organisms
F1 generation
The second generation of
offspring, obtained from
an experimental cross
F2 generation
allele expressed when
carried by only one of
homologous chromosomes
Dominant
trait or an allele that is
expressed only when
two recessive alleles
are inherited
Recessive
law that states that the
pairs of homologous
chromosomes separate in
meiosis
Law of segregation
The law that states that genes
separate independently of one
another
Law of independent
assortment
The study of the
structure of nucleic acids
and the function and
regulation of genes
Molecular genetics
One of the alternative forms
of a gene that governs a
characteristic, such as hair
color
Allele
The entire genetic
makeup of an organism;
also the combination of
genes for one or more
specific traits
Genotype
An organism’s
appearance or other
detectable
characteristic
Phenotype
Describes an
individual that has
identical alleles for a
trait
Homozygous
Describes an individual
that has two different
alleles for a trait
Heterozygous
The likelihood that a
possible future event
will occur in any given
instance of the event
Probability
Cross between
individuals that involves
one pair of contrasting
traits
Monohybrid cross
A graphic used to
predict the results of
a genetic cross
Punnett square
The ratio of the
genotypes that
appear in offspring
Genotypic ratio
The ratio of
phenotypes produced
by a cross
Phenotypic ratio
The crossing of an
individual of unknown
genotype with a
homozygous recessive
Testcross
A relationship in
which one allele is
completely dominant
over another
Complete dominance
A condition in which a trait in
an individual is intermediate
between the phenotype
Incomplete
dominance
A condition in which
both alleles for a
gene are fully
expressed
Codominance
A cross between
individuals that have
different alleles for
the same gene
Dihybrid cross
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