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Invasive Species Non-indigenous species that adversely affect the habitats they invade economically, environmentally or ecologically. Vocabulary • Indigenous- native to a given region • Non-indigenous species- Not native to a region Invasive Species • out-compete native species • destroy established commercial and recreational fisheries • ruin habitat for traditional uses • alter the existing ecosystems. • Kudzu, a Japanese vine species invasive in the southeast United States, growing in Atlanta, Georgia Asian Carp • How did Asian carp get so close to the Great Lakes? • Two species of Asian carp -- the bighead and silver -- were imported by catfish farmers in the 1970's to remove algae and suspended matter out of their ponds. During large floods in the early 1990s, many of the catfish farm ponds overflowed their banks, and the Asian carp were released into local waterways in the Mississippi River basin. How they get here • Invasive species can be introduced accidentally - in the ballast water of ships, – or hitchhiking on travelers or packing materials. • Sometimes deliberate introductions backfire with unwanted, unforeseen consequences. • In other cases, exotic species are introduced illegally or escape from captivity. New Zealand mud snail • Affecting sport fishing from the Columbia River system to the Great Lakes. • These freshwater hitchhikers probably first arrived in the United States along with young fish shipped to an Idaho hatchery from New Zealand in the late 1970s. New Zealand mud snail • reproduce asexually • pass through fish unharmed • Once established, these tiny snails disrupt the food web by consuming the algae that important native insects rely upon for food. • In a short time, up to 60 percent of caddis fly, stonefly or mayfly larva, which salmon fry and trout eat, can be starved out. • Fish suffer. New Zealand mud snail • "It looks like one of the main ways this is spreading is on the gear, particularly the wading boots of sport anglers," said Denny Lassuy, the invasive species coordinator for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Anchorage. they even stick to flies. Felt sole ban • ANCHORAGE, Alaska, March 19, 2010 – Alaska Board of Fisheries adopts a statewide phase-out of felt sole wading products, effective Jan. 1, 2012. • The move is aimed at guarding against the spread of aquatic invasive species. A Rusty Spinner with attached snail The black spots on the wing and hook are New Zealand Mud Snails European green crab • Another potential invader of concern is the European green crab. • This crab, about 3 inches across, is a voracious predator of young Dungeness and other shore-dwelling crabs. • Its inadvertent introduction around the world has destroyed shellfish industries from the Northeastern United States to Tasmania, to South Africa. European green crab • Introduced to California about 1990, this small crab has multiplied rapidly and killed all other shore dwelling crab species in some areas as it expanded its range to the north. European green crab Atlantic salmon • A potential threat to coastal salmon, steelhead and trout fisheries. • Atlantic salmon have escaped in large numbers from fish farming operations in British Columbia in past years. • Potential impacts by escaped Atlantic salmon include competition, predation, disease transfer, hybridization, and colonization. Atlantic salmon • The Atlantic salmon is aggressive and uses the same spawning and rearing areas in watersheds as rainbow trout, potentially threatening these popular sport fish. Atlantic salmon • The best way to identify an Atlantic salmon is to look for the large black spots on the gill covers and back but no spots on their tails. Atlantic salmon have 8-11 rays in their anal fins while Pacific salmon have 11-13 rays. What do I do if I catch an Atlantic salmon? • If you catch an Atlantic salmon do not clean it as we need the gonads to determine if the fish is trying to spawn. • Put the whole fish on ice and contact your local office of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. What are the short-term and long-term problems for Alaskan fisheries because of the introduction of Atlantic Salmon? • These "invasive species" would compete with indigenous Pacific salmon for spawning and rearing habitat. • interbreed with wild stocks, and dilute the genetically based survival traits of these wild stocks. Northern Pike • In South-central and the Kenai Peninsula, pike are not native • northern pike consume young wild salmon and wreak havoc with other native fish populations. This wildlife biologist found these two pike on the shoreline of a Bristol Bay lake. The larger pike suffocated while trying to ingest the smaller pike. Northern Pike northern pike northern pike California Red-legged Frog • http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/economic/main.shtml Birch leafminer gypsy moth Gypsy moth defoliation of along the Allegheny Front near Snow Shoe, Pennsylvania in July of 2007. Roof rat- Rattus rattus Brown rat • http://www.stopr ats.org/index.ht m Signal crayfish • http://www.vega.o rg.uk/video/progra mme/58 Pythons invade Florida Conclusion • New Zealand mud snails, European green crabs, Atlantic salmon, and northern pike are just a few of the species threatening our waters. • But invasives are threats which can be met and won. RAT Island • • • • 1 paper per 2 people 4 islands= 4 rats Morphological, physiological, behavioral Draw, label and explain Why conservation? • The remains of slaughtered elephants lie amidst the trees near Zakouma National Park in southeastern Chad. Albino Pygmy Monkey Twins Born • pygmy marmosets