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Transcript 
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
MANAGING
DATA
RESOURCES
7.1
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
OBJECTIVES
• Why do businesses have trouble finding the
information they need in their information
systems?
• How does a DBMS improve the organization of
business information?
• What are the managerial requirements of a database environment?
• What new technologies make databases more
accessible and useful?
7.2
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT
Bit: Smallest unit of data; binary digit (0,1)
Byte: Group of bits that represents a single
character
Field: Group of related bytes
- related words or a complete number
Record: Group of related fields
File: Group of records of same type
Database: Group of related files
7.3
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT
File Organization Terms and Concepts
7.4
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT
File Organization Terms and Concepts
•
Entity: Person, place, thing, event about
which information is maintained
•
Attribute: Description of a particular
entity
•
Key Field: Unique identifier field used to
retrieve, update, or sort a record
7.5
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT
File Organization Terms and Concepts
7.6
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT
Problems with the Traditional File Environment
7.7
•
Data redundancy
•
Program-data dependence
•
Lack of flexibility
•
Poor security
•
Lack of data-sharing and availability
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT
Problems with the Traditional File Environment
7.8
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
OBJECTIVES
• Why do businesses have trouble finding the
information they need in their information
systems?
• How does a DBMS improve the organization of
business information?
• What are the managerial requirements of a database environment?
• What new technologies make databases more
accessible and useful?
7.9
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT
Database Management System (DBMS)
Database
• A collection of data organized to service
many applications at the same time by
storing and managing data so they appear
to be at one location
7.10
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT
Database Management System (DBMS)
The Database Management System (DBMS)
• Software which creates and maintains
databases
• Eliminates requirement for data definition
statements in Application Programs
• Acts as interface between application
programs and physical data files
• Separates logical and physical views of data
7.11
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT
7.12
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT
Database Management System (DBMS)
Components of a Database
• Data Definition Language:
– Specifies content and structure of
database and defines each data element
• Data Manipulation Language:
– Manipulates data in a database
• Data Dictionary:
– Stores definitions of data elements, and
data characteristics
7.13
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT
Types of Databases
• Hierarchical DBMS
•
•
•
•
Organizes data in a tree-like structure
Prevalent in large legacy systems
Less flexible than RDBMS
Lacks support for English language-like queries
• Relational DBMS (RDBMS)
• Represents data as 2D tables called ‘relations’
• Relates data across tables based on ‘key’
• Egs: DB2, Oracle, MS SQL Server, MS Access
7.14
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT
Types of Databases
7.15
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT
Types of Databases
7.16
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT
Types of Databases
Three Basic Operations in a Relational
DBMS
• Select: Creates subset of rows that meet
specific criteria
• Join: Combines relational tables to provide
users with information
• Project: Enables users to create new tables
containing only relevant information
7.17
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT
Types of Databases
7.18
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
OBJECTIVES
• Why do businesses have trouble finding the
information they need in their information
systems?
• How does a DBMS improve the organization of
business information?
• What are the managerial requirements of a database environment?
• What new technologies make databases more
accessible and useful?
7.19
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.3 CREATING A DATABASE ENVIRONMENT
Designing Databases
• Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagram
– Methodology for documenting databases
illustrating relationships between database
entities
• Normalization
– Process of creating small stable data structures
from complex groups of data
7.20
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.3 CREATING A DATABASE ENVIRONMENT
Designing Databases
7.21
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.3 CREATING A DATABASE ENVIRONMENT
Designing Databases
7.22
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.3 CREATING A DATABASE ENVIRONMENT
Designing Databases
7.23
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
OBJECTIVES
• Why do businesses have trouble finding the
information they need in their information
systems?
• How does a DBMS improve the organization of
business information?
• What are the managerial requirements of a database environment?
• What new technologies make databases more
accessible and useful?
7.24
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.4 DATABASE TRENDS
Multidimensional Data Analysis
On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP)
• Multidimensional data analysis
• Supports manipulation and analysis of
large volumes of data from multiple
dimensions/perspectives
7.25
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.4 DATABASE TRENDS
Multidimensional Data Analysis
7.26
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.4 DATABASE TRENDS
Data Warehouses and Datamining
Data Warehouse
• Consolidates current and historical data
• Supports query tools for management
decision making
Datamining
• Tools for finding hidden patterns and
relationships in large pools of data
7.27
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.4 DATABASE TRENDS
Data Warehouses and Datamining
7.28
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.4 DATABASE TRENDS
Data Warehousing and Datamining
7.29
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.4 DATABASE TRENDS
Databases and the Web
The Web and Hypermedia Databases
• Organizes data as network of hyperlinks
• Database Server runs a DBMS to provide
data
• Supports text, graphics, sound, video
and executable programs
7.30
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.4 DATABASE TRENDS
Databases and the Web
7.31
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.4 DATABASE TRENDS
Databases and the Web
7.32
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.4 DATABASE TRENDS
Databases and the Web
7.33
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
7.4 DATABASE TRENDS
Databases and the Web
7.34
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources
MANAGING
DATA
RESOURCES
7.35
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
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