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Two cell types • Prokaryotes -simple • Pro=before kary=nucleus • NO nucleus • No membrane-bound organelles • Small in size • Usually unicellular organisms (bacteria) • • • • Eukaryotes - complex Eu=true kary=nucleus Has a nucleus Has membrane-bound organelles: nucleus, vacuole, mitochondrion… • Large in size • Mostly multicellular organisms Cell Parts Animal Cell Plant Cell Nucleus: Control Center Contains the DNA: the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules Nucleolus: where the assembly of ribosomes begins Vacuoles : Storage Center • Vacuoles store materials like water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates • Plant: 1 large • Animal: many, small Ribosomes: Assembly (synthesis) • Proteins are assembled on the ribosomes • Ribosome: small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells • Takes orders directly from DNA “boss” Mitochondria: The Powerhouse • Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use • Has an inner and outer membrane (more surface area inside) Cell Membrane: Barrier • Cell Membrane: flexible; regulates what enters and leaves the cell. • Provides protection and support Plants only: Chloroplasts - Energy • Chloroplasts: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Inside looks like a stack of green coins Plants only: Cell Wall: Support/Protect • Cell Wall: outside the cell membrane; it helps support, shape, and protect plant cells • Composed of cellulose Animals only: Centrioles: Organize Cell Division • Centrioles: Located near the nucleus and help organize cell division • Animal cells have them; plants DON’T Endoplasmic Reticulum: Internal Membrane System • Rough ER: ribosomes on surface; ribosomes insert new proteins into rough ER where they may be chemically modified • Smooth ER: hold a collection of enzymes Golgi Apparatus: Post Office • Golgi Apparatus: modifies, sorts, and packages proteins & other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
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