Download Introduction to VCA

Historical Context
People
Concepts
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• “Scala natura”
• “Lower vs. higher”
or
“Derived vs. primitive”
• “Ex nihlio”
• “Archetypes”
Greeks (Anaximander)
Darwin/Wallace
Linnaeus
De Lamarck
Malthus
Cuvier
Morphology
Homology
Analogy
Homoplasy
• Ancestry
• Appearance
• Function
The Vertebrate Body Plan
How are vertebrates arranged spatially
that differs from urochordates (adult
tunicates), sea stars and sponges?
http://home.vicnet.net.au/~ricketts/photos.htm
http://imagesource.art.com/images/-/Michael-Aw/Royal-Blue-TunicateRhopalaea-Sp-West-Nusa-Tenggara-Indonesia--C10255325.jpeg
http://www.westworld.com/~fabio/gallery/bonaire-purple-tube-sponge.htm
The Vertebrate Body Plan
Symmetry:
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http://www.yachigusaryu.com/blog/pics/top_ten_principles/10/image003.jpg
The Vertebrate Body Plan
Vertebrate phylogeny:
*Vertebrates are a subtaxa of the phylum _________
*The “Big 4” are characteristics shared by this
phylum. What are the 4 characteristics?
http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biog105/labs/deuts/chordates.html
*Not all chordates are created equal…
The Vertebrate Body Plan
Vertebrate phylogeny:
*Craniate Characteristics
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*Vertebrate Characteristics
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The Vertebrate Body Plan
Regional differentiation:
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(What specialized structures occur here? )
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Coelom; lining is…
Viscera; lining is…
Thorax and abdomen (in some taxa)
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(_________)
(What structures likely absent? What’s present? )
The Vertebrate Body Plan
________________
*During some stage
of development
(_____________)
Usually replaced by
segmented vertebral
column
http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/thumbnails/filedet.htm?File_name=19-21&File_type=GIF
The Vertebrate Body Plan
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(Which vertebrates rely on
gills, which use lungs? )
*Some animals
(Protochordates) use gill and
slits for …
Nature Genetics 27, 286 - 291 (2001)
doi:10.1038/85845 DiGeorge syndrome phenotype in mice mutant for the T-box gene, Tbx1
Loydie A. Jerome & Virginia E. Papaioannou
The Vertebrate Body Plan
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http://www.nesc.k12.in.us/union/Mr.%20Sly/Earthworm%20Dissection/earthworm%20images.htm
The Vertebrate Body Plan
Other Craniate characteristics
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From these a number of
specialized structures are
derived:
The Vertebrate Body Plan
Other Craniate characteristics
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Oviparity
Ovoviviparity
Euvivparity
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Closed
Differing cardiac anatomy
Lymphatics
http://pzavislak.googlepages.com/PlanarianBright.jpg
The Vertebrate Body Plan
Other Craniate characteristics
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More common with invertebrates… vertebrates display this
feature primarily in skeletal, muscular and nervous systems
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Axial/Cranial
Appendicular from 2 girdles
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Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
(Which of these synapse with motor neurons? )
Evolutionary morphology
• Preadaptation
• Remodeling
• Bean stalks and Bushes
(Fig. 1.21)
• Grades and clades
• Abundance phylogeny
(Fig. 1.25)
• Cladistics
Paleontology
• Formation of fossils
• Recovery & restoration
• Fossil dating
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Stratigraphy
Index fossils
Radiometric
Geological ages