Download Creating an Oracle Database

Creating an
Oracle Database
Considerations before creating a DB
Planning for Database Creation
– Select the standard database block size.
– Use an undo tablespace to manage your undo
records
– Develop a backup and recovery strategy to
protect the database from failure
– Familiarize yourself with the principles and
options of starting up and shutting down an
instance and mounting and opening a database.
Considerations before creating a DB
Deciding How to Create an Oracle Database
• Creating information structures, including the
data dictionary, that Oracle requires to
access and use the database
• Creating and initializing the control files and
redo log files for the database
• Creating new datafiles or erasing data that
existed in previous datafiles
• Use the Database Configuration Assistant
(DBCA).
• Create the database manually from a script.
Planning Database File Locations
• Keep at least two active copies of a
database control file on at least two
different devices.
• Multiplex the redo log files and put group
members on different disks.
• Separate data files whose data:
– Will participate in disk resource contention
across different physical disk resources
– Have different life spans
– Have different administrative characteristics
Creating a Database Using DBCA
• Selecting the Template
• Including Datafiles
• Specifying Global Database Name and
Database Features
• Specifying Database Features
• Specifying Mode, Initialization
Parameters, and Datafiles
Manually creating an Oracle DB
• Step 1: Decide on Your Instance Identifier (SID)
• Step 2: Establish the Database Administrator Authentication
Method
• Step 3: Create the Initialization Parameter File
• Step 4: Connect to the Instance
• Step 5: Start the Instance.
• Step 6: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement
• Step 7: Create Additional Tablespaces
• Step 8: Run Scripts to Build Data Dictionary Views
• Step 9: Run Scripts to Install Additional Options (Optional)
• Step 10: Create a Server Parameter File (Recommended)
• Step 11: Back Up the Database.
Create Database
• CREATE DATABASE [ database ] { USER SYS
IDENTIFIED BY password | USER SYSTEM
IDENTIFIED BY password | CONTROLFILE
REUSE | MAXDATAFILES integer |
MAXINSTANCES integer | CHARACTER SET
charset | NATIONAL CHARACTER SET
charset | SET DEFAULT { BIGFILE |
SMALLFILE } TABLESPACE |
database_logging_clauses | tablespace_clauses
| set_time_zone_clause }... ;
Database Logging Clauses
• { LOGFILE [ GROUP integer ]
file_specification [, [ GROUP integer ]
file_specification ]... | MAXLOGFILES
integer | MAXLOGMEMBERS integer |
MAXLOGHISTORY integer | {
ARCHIVELOG | NOARCHIVELOG } |
FORCE LOGGING }
Tablespace Clauses
Tablespace Clauses
• { EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL |
DATAFILE file_specification [,
file_specification ]... | SYSAUX DATAFILE
file_specification [, file_specification ]... |
default_tablespace |
default_temp_tablespace |
undo_tablespace }
Default Tablespace
• DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace [
DATAFILE datafile_tempfile_spec ]
extent_management_clause
Extent Managment Clause
• EXTENT MANAGEMENT { DICTIONARY
| LOCAL [ AUTOALLOCATE | UNIFORM
[ SIZE size_clause ] ] }
Database creations are of three
types:
• Copy an existing database and delete the
old database.
• Copy an existing database and keep the
old database.
• Create a new database when no database
exists on your system.
Considerations before creating a DB
Planning for Database Creation
– Plan the database tables and indexes and
estimate the amount of space they will require.
– Plan the layout of the underlying operating
system files that are to comprise your database.
– Select the global database name, DB_NAME,
DB_DOMAIN
– Familiarize yourself with the initialization
parameters
– Select the database character set.
– Consider what time zones your database must
support.
Creating Directories
Exporting an Existing
Database
C:\> exp SYSTEM/password
FILE=myexp.dmp
FULL=y LOG=myexp.log
C:\> set ORACLE_SID=orcl
C:\> exp SYSTEM/password FILE=myexp.dmp FULL=y LOG=myexp.log
Deleting Database Files
1. Shut down starter database orcl at the
command prompt:
C:\> oradim -SHUTDOWN -SID orcl -USRPWD
password -SHUTTYPE inst -SHUTMODE i
Deleting Database Files
2. Delete the following database files located
in directory
C:\oracle\oradata\orcl:
Modifying the Initialization
Parameter File
• Copy:
C:\ORACLE_BASE\admin\orcl\pfile\init.ora
• to
C:\ORACLE_BASE\admin\prod\pfile\init.ora
------------------------------------------------------------------• initsmpl.ora
• ORACLE_BASE\ORACLE_HOME\admin\sample\pfile
Creating and Starting an
Oracle Service
• You are required to create and start an
Oracle service only if you do one of the
following:
– Copy an existing database to a new database
and keep the old database
– Create a new database when you have no
other database to copy
Using ORADIM Utility to Administer an Oracle
Instance
Nos conectamos a la instancia creada:
- sqlplus “/ as sysdba”
- startup nomount pfile=d:\oracle\admin\prod\pfile\init.ora
Putting the CREATE DATABASE
Statement in a Script
Running the CREATE
DATABASE Script
1. Verify that the service is started in the
Control Panel.
Check Status with: C:\> net START
List services:
C:\> net START OracleServicePROD
2. Make PROD the current SID:
• C:\> set ORACLE_SID=PROD
Running the CREATE
DATABASE Script
3. Start SQL*Plus from the command prompt, and
connect to the database as SYSDBA
C:\> sqlplus / NOLOG
SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
4. Turn on spooling to save messages:
SQL> SPOOL script_name.log
5. Run script script_name.sql that you created
SQL> @C:\oracle\ora92\rdbms\admin\script_name.sql;
1. Crear los directorios:
–
–
–
–
–
d:\oracle\admin\cg4
d:\oracle\admin\cg4\bdump
d:\oracle\admin\cg4\pfile
d:\oracle\admin\cg4\udump
d:\oracle\oradata\cg4
2. Copiar init.ora y editarlo con las nuevas rutas
3. Crear instancia:
–
ORADIM -NEW -SID cg4 -INTPWD cg4 -STARTMODE manual -PFILE
"d:\oracle\admin\cg4\pfile\init.ora"
4. Establecer la bd a trabajar:
–
Set ORACLE_SID = cg4
5. Conectarse al SQLPLUS
–
Sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
6. Levantar la BD no montada con el pfile init.ora
–
Startup nomount pfile=d:\oracle\admin\cg4\pfile\init.ora
7. Crear Script de CREATE_DATABASE
CREATE DATABASE cg4
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY dba
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY manager
Maxinstances 1
Maxloghistory 1
Maxlogfiles 10
Maxdatafiles 100
LOGFILE group 1 ('d:\oracle\oradata\cg4\redolog1a.dbf',
'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\redolog1b.dbf') SIZE 10M,
group 2 ('d:\oracle\oradata\cg4\redolog2a.dbf',
'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\redolog2b.dbf' ) SIZE 10M,
group 3 ('d:\oracle\oradata\cg4\redolog3a.dbf',
'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\redolog3b.dbf' ) SIZE 10M
DATAFILE 'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\system01.dbf' SIZE 200M
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
national character set utf8
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
sysaux datafile 'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\sysaux01.dbf' size 50M autoextend on next 16M maxsize unlimited
undo tablespace UNDOTBS1
datafile 'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\UNDOTBS1.dbf'
size 50M
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE 'd:\oracle\oradata\cg4\temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
/
8. Ejecutar scripts de catalogos y diccionario de datos
ORACLE_HOME\rdbms\admin
START d:\oracle\ora92\rdbms\admin\CATALOG.sql
START d:\oracle\ora92\rdbms\admin\CATPROC.sql
START d:\oracle\ora92\rdbms\admin\catexp.sql