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Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook Theory of Plate Tectonics April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook Key Vocabulary April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook Lithosphere = Rigid Rock, Crust and upper Mantle Asthenosphere = hot weak zone found within the upper Mantle, allows the Lithosphere to move Rift Valley: found at divergent plate boundaries with continental crust (Red Sea) Seafloor Spreading: occurs at divergent plate boundaries (for example, the Atlantic Ocean is getting larger) Mid Atlantic Ridge Volcanic Island Arcs: at Convergent Plate Boundaries, Aleutian Chain, Tonga Islands and Japan Continental Volcanic Arc: at Convergent Plate Boundaries, Andes, Cascade Mnts. Driving Mechanisms for Plate Tectonics: Core: upwelling and slab pull April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 Convergent Plate Boundaries : occur when edges of continental or oceanic plates move toward each other and collide. Lithosphere is destroyed. Subduction Zone : when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the oceanic plate bends underneath the continental plate. Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook Convergent Plate Boundaries Continued Deep Sea Trench : forms when the sub ducting plate bends as it sinks. (up to 11 km deep) April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 Divergent Plate Boundaries: occur when plates separate. (midAtlantic ridge) Lithosphere is created. Mid Ocean Ridge : an underwater chain of volcanoes which forms from the less dense rising hot rock moving above the cold and dense oceanic rock. Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook How ocean ridges form April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 Convection Currents Driving Plate Tectonics Two main components 1 Slab Pull: this occurs at Convergent Plate Boundaries. The plate that is more dense gets pulled by gravity downward. This pulls on the rest of the plate behind it. 2 Upwelling: this occurs at Divergent Plate Boundaries. The rising magma hits the surface, forms new rock and pushes the plate around it. Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook ` Transform April 29, 2015 Plate Boundaries: occur when plates slide past each other. Lithosphere is neither created nor destroyed. Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook San Andreas Fault April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook Seattle Fault Line on the south end of Bainbridge Island, WA April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook How Do These Plates Move? April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook Convergent Plate Boundary Oceanic Lithosphere (Crust) April 29, 2015 Divergent Plate Boundary Or Hot Spot Oceanic Trench Oceanic Lithosphere (Crust) Convergent Plate Boundary Oceanic Trench Slab Pull Slab Pull Mantle Plumes Subduction Zone HEAT SOURCE (CORE OF THE EARTH) Subduction Zone Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook Types of Rocks: Igneous - Formed from magma or lava (basalt, granite, obsidian) - crystals Intrusive- Igneous rocks created within the earth Extrusive- Igneous rocks created on the earth's surface Sedimentary - rocks formed by sediments that become compacted (sandstone, limestone) Metamorphic - heat, pressure, time, rocks that are formed below the earth's surface (marble) April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 Seismologist A scientist that studies earthquakes. Earthquake: Vibrations in the earth caused by the sudden release of energy, usually as a result of the movement of rocks along a fault. Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook Seismogram April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook How do scientists locate the epicenter of an earthquake? April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 1 - Look at the satelite image below and draw a cross section picture of what is occuring. Make sure you label the following: type of plate boundary, the oceanic trench, subduction zone and volcanoes. Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 2 - What is the name for a chain of volcanoes that are on continental crust? 3 - What is the name for a chain of volcanoes that come out of oceanic crust that have the same plate boundary as question #2. 4 - What common type of plate boundary is found near the above volcanic chains? 5 - What are the two categories of igneous rocks? Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 6 - The islands of Hawaii were formed by magma rising to the earth's surface. This point on the surface is a called a ______________. A B C D E 7 - Which island above has the oldest rock? A,B,C,D, or E? Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 Label the following with the type of plate boundary that the red arrow is pointing to. 8 - ___________ 9 - ______________________ Green Arrows show the direction the plates are moving. 10 - _________________ Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook April 29, 2015 Extra Credit What type of volcanoes are these... 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ________________ Plate Tectonic Presentation 2013.notebook Inner core Outer Mantle core April 29, 2015 Crust