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STRAND: Algebra TOPIC: Algebraic rules & expressions Alternative expressions used to describe the four operations The four operations can be described using different words or expressions. The table below shows the most common ways of specifying the operation needed. Operation symbol Words/expressions used to describe the operation Example Mathematical sentence Plus Add (or ‘added to’) The sum of Increase (or ‘increased by’) More than 5 plus 3 5 is added to 3 The sum of 5 and 3 Increase 5 by 3 5 more than 3 Minus Subtract (or ‘subtracted from’) Take away (or ‘taken away from’) The difference between Less than Decrease (or ‘decreased by’) 7 minus 2 Subtract 2 from 7 2 is taken away from 7 The difference between 7 and 2 2 less than 7 Decrease 7 by 2 × Multiply (or ‘multiplied by’) The product of … times more than Multiply 3 by 4 The product of 3 and 4 4 times more than 3 3×4 ÷ Divide (or ‘divided by’) Share Quotient Divide 8 by 2 Share 8 between 2 The quotient of 8 and 2 8÷2 + − 5+3 7−2 WORKED Example Write each of the following as a mathematical sentence. a The sum of 4 and 5 b 12 is divided by 4 THINK WRITE a The expression ‘sum of’ means ‘+’, so write a mathematical sentence by joining given numbers with the + sign. a 4+5 b The expression ‘divided by’ means ‘÷’. The number which is to be divided is written first and the number by which we need to divide is written second. b 12 ÷ 4 Try these Write each of the following as a mathematical sentence. 1 The sum of 3 and 5 2 3 4 is added to 7 4 5 5 increased by 2 6 7 4 subtracted from 9 8 9 The product of 2 and 7 10 11 9 more than 8 12 13 7 times more than 6 14 5 less than 8 3 taken away from 12 4 is multiplied by 5 The difference between 5 and 1 The quotient of 9 and 3 12 decreased by 5 10 divided by 5 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 2001