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Transcript
AIM: Were the early people of Greece more advanced than other early peoples? Do Now: Locate the Island of Crete & mainland Greece on the map. Persian Empire How would these people have contact with one another? Roots of Greek Civilization Minoan Culture – 3,000 B.C. Island of Crete Mycenaean Civilization– 2,700 B.C. Peloponnesian Peninsula Earliest developed culture on mainland Greece! ACTIVITY: Gallery Walk Students will visit designated stations to learn about the culture of Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations. Metal Working Palaces Pottery Water Management Religious Practices Writing Exit Slip: Were the early people of Greece more advanced than other early peoples? AIM: What values were most important to the early Greeks? Persian Empire Do Now: Were the early people of Greece more advanced than other early civilizations? Provide evidence from last lesson. Decline of Early Civilizations 1400 B.C.E Minoan civilization vanished Mycenaean’s came under attack (Dorians) As power faded, people abandoned their cities and trade declined ~ 1100 B.C.E Homer and the Great Legends Homer – poet, most likely lived about 750 BCE Credited for the works of The Iliad and The Odyssey Homer’s tales were passed on orally from one generation to the next. The Iliad Chief source of information about the Trojan war Achilles – the mightiest Greek warrior The Odyssey Tells of the many struggles between the struggles of the Greek hero Odysseus on his return home to his wife Penelope. Greek Mythology Greek gods and goddesses (polytheistic belief system) Twelve main Olympians Mount Olympus Ruled every aspect of human life 1. As a group, read the different excerpts from The Odyssey and UNDERLINE the Greek Values identified in the text. 1. At the bottom of every excerpt, STOP, and discuss the guiding questions. 1. Group Work On your graphic organizer identify the Greek values, using evidence, pictures or definitions to assist you. Comprehension Questions 1. What values seem to have been most important to the early Greeks? 2. Why do you think these values were so important? 3. Which Greek values do you think are similar to American values today? Which do you think are different? 4. Why do you think the ancient Greeks illustrated their values through epic literature? Exit Slip: Quick Write – Write a Thesis Statement Review your ideas from today and yesterday’s lessons and think of how early people of the Aegean contributed to Greek Civilization. Write a thesis statement that expresses your thought. Remember that a thesis statement should provide the main idea for an essay. Aim: How were Greek city-states shaped by its citizenry? Do Now: Define citizenry. What is a citizen? Who can be a citizen? Geography Shapes Ancient Greece Greece is located on peninsula in Southern Europe. The Balkan peninsula stretches south into the Mediterranean Sea. Covered with rugged mountains. No long rivers. Mild climate, hot summers. Geography Shapes Greece VIDEO How did the geography of Greece shape the development of ancient Greek cities and culture? Geography Shapes Greece Polis: Greek city-state. Made up of a major city or town and its surrounding countryside. Mountains divided Greeks from one another. Seas provided a vital link to the outside world. Acropolis: high city, stood on top of a hill with a great marble temple dedicated to different gods or goddesses Asia Minor Aegean Sea Adriatic Sea +Marathon Ionian Sea Mediterranean Sea Governing the City-States Citizens: free residents Between 750 BC and 500 BC, different forms of government evolved in ancient Greece Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy Tyranny Democracy Group Work Let’s Summarize… AIM: How did life in Sparta compare to life in Athens? Do Now: What seems to be the main difference between growing up in Athens an SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES DIFFERENCES SIMILARITIES -Direct Democracy -Military Oligarchy -Only male citizens -same language -Military society Involved in government -Olympics -Trade and travel not allowed -trade with other city-states -Military training for all boys -city-states -Education for the boys -located in Greece-Girls to be trained to be only -same gods and mothers of soldiers -Boys/men served in the religious beliefs -Women obey men but they Military at 18 for 2 years could own property and -Women were not equal had rights. -Navy -Army -Located by the water -Located inland DIFFERENCES DIFFERENCES Regents Questions 1. The Ancient Athenians are credited (to do) with A. inventing and using the wheel B. eliminating slavery C. establishing governments that had democratic elements D. inventing the printing press Regents Questions 2. Which ancient civilization established the basis of western democracy? A. Phoenician B. Egyptian C. Sumerian D. Greek Regents Questions 3. The Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta A. was primarily concerned with the health of their people B. was a powerful military state C. granted universal suffrage to their people D. placed great emphasis on literature and the arts EXIT SLIP Write a paragraph explaining if you would rather live in Athens or Sparta and why. AIM: How many Persians were at the Battle of Thermopylae? DO NOW: Based on what you already know about the Greek city-states, if you had to fight in a war with either Sparta or Athens, would you want to be in the Spartan army or the Athenian army? Support your answer with EVIDENCE! Athens and Persia . 31 Conflict Begins A 4th century rendering of Emperor Darius 32 The Persian Wars • *When the Persians threatened the Greeks, they put aside their differences to defend their freedom. • 492-449 BCE, the Greeks and Persians fought a series of wars Understanding the Persian War – 5 MAJOR EVENTS The Battle of Marathon (LEAVE The Expansion of the SPACE) Persian Empire The Battle of Thermopylae The Ionian Revolt (LEAVE SPACE) The Battle of Salamis The Battle of Marathon • Persians and Athenians clashed at Marathon • Persians were unexpectedly defeated • Darius’ son Xerxes planned another attack in 480 BCE 35 The Battle of Thermopylae • Persians vs. small group of Spartans • Spartans held off Persians for 7 days • Persians won battle • Meanwhile, Athens prepared for Persian invasion • Ultimately Greeks won 36 The Battle of Thermopylae • 300 Video Clip 37 Central Historical Question How many Persians were at the Battle of Thermopylae? EXIT: What impact did the Persian Wars have on the development of Ancient Greece? THREE MAJOR EFFECTS • 1) More than ever before Spartans, Athenians and residents of other Greek city-states referred to themselves collectively as “Greeks” • 2) Greeks had new level of confidence • 3) Athens enters a Golden Age AIM: What was Athens like during its Golden Age? Do Now: What effects did the Persian Wars have on Ancient Greece? Athens One of the most important ancient Greek city-states Birthplace of democracy Modern foundations – art, literature, philosophy The Agora The Agora Agora = marketplace Center of Athenian life – government buildings, temples, stoas (columned buildings) Place for recreation Men socialized there Activity = Video & Questions Exit: Video Summary AIM: How did Greek thinkers, artists, and writers explore the nature of the universe and people's place in it? Do Now: Athens experienced a flourishing Golden Age – and then they collapsed. What did Athens golden age consist of? Greek Achievements Architecture: Greek Columns: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian Parthenon Geography, Astronomy Equator, latitude and longitude, equinoxes, eclipses Medicine Hippocrates – Hippocratic Oath Zoology Evolution, natural selection, Achievements Engineering Lever, force Mathematics Euclid - Geometry, Pythagoras – Pythagorean Theorem Physics Atoms, protons, neutrons, repelling forces Theatre, poetry & drama Tragedies and comedies Thinkers, Artists, Philosophers Herodotus – historian Thales, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle – philosophers Logic (rational thinking) and rhetoric (art of skillful speaking) Archimedes – inventor Pericles – father of democracy Homer – writer Phidias - sculptor The Peloponnesian War Many Greeks outside of Athens resented Athenian domination. Sparta & other enemies of Athens formed the Peloponnesian League 431 B.C.E warfare broke out between Athens and Sparta – lasted 27 years The Peloponnesian War Sparta had the geographic advantage Pericles took in surrounding peoples to Athens – Overcrowding led to disaster Pericles died from plague – unfit successors Committed savage acts against each other Ex: Sparta allied itself with Persia The Peloponnesian War Spartans captured Athens, but did not destroy the city. For the next century, fighting continued to disrupt the Greek world By 359 BCE, Macedonia poised to conquer Greece AIM: Was ancient Athens truly democratic? Do Now: When you think of democracy, what comes to mind? Background Bust of Cleisthenes created in 2002-2004 by Anna Christoforidis 55 democracy demokratia demo: the people kratia: power or rule rule by the people Athenian Democracy The The The Ekklesia Boule Dikasteria (Assembly) (Council of 500) (The Courts) 57 Aim: Was Alexander the Great a hero or a villain? Do Now: What characteristics do you associate with a hero? What characteristics do you associate with a villain? ANNOUNCEMENT: DEBATE NEXT CLASS – QUIZ GRADE! Alexander the Great In 338 B.C.E the Macedonian army conquered Greece Athens & other Greek city-states lost their independence. However, Greek culture spread from the Mediterranean to the borders of India. *All because of Alexander the Great Background Macedonia – rugged, mountainous kingdom Rulers were of Greek origin and kept ties with their Greek neighbors. Philip II – lived in Thebes and admired Greek culture 359 B.C.E gained throne of Macedonia Philip Conquers Greece 338 B.C.E – brought all of Greece under his control Bigger dream -> conquer the Persian empire. Did not achieve – he was assassinated at his daughters wedding. Alexander took the throne at 20 years old Alexander Builds an Empire With Greece subdued, he moved into Persia He then moved from victory to victory, marching through Asia Minor to Palestine and south to Egypt and east again to Babylon With much of the Persian empire under his control, he headed farther east to northern India Legacy Died at 32 years old – cause of death still questioned by historians Assimilation of Culture – local people absorbed Greek culture & in turn Greek settlers adopted local customs HELLENISM REGENTS BASED QUESTION Which leader is most closely associated with the accomplishments shown by The illustration? A) Charlemagne C) Alexander the Great B) Suleiman the Magnificent D) Mansa Musa Hellenistic Arts & Sciences New philosophies Advances in Math & Astronomy Improving Medical Practice Class Activity 1. Individual Student Reading 2. Group Act-it-Outs 3. Group Presentations Exit Was Alexander the Great a hero or a villain?
