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Atlantic regions 1.Region 2.Index 3.Basic Climate 4.More Climate 5. More Climate 6.St John’s, Newfoudland 11.More Halifax 7.More St John’s 12.Charlottetown, PEI 8.Fredericton, N-B 13.More Charlottetown 9.More Fredericton 14.Regional Impacts 15.Soils 10.Halifax, N-S 16.Natural Vegetation 17.Forests 18.Population 19.Reasons 20.Weather 21.History 22.Map 23.Bibliography 24.Pyramid 25.Bibliography 2 26.Landforms Atlantic Region Tony Won, Marlaina Stocco, Terushige Saito, Abencio Balboa Index of Climate Basic Climate of Atlantic Region Climate of Saint John’s, New Foundland Climate of Fredericton, New Brunswick Climate of Halifax, Nova Scotia Climate of Charlottetown, PEI Basic Climate of Atlantic Region The Atlantic provinces are subject to the combined influences of continental air masses and winds blowing in from the ocean. This causes a variable climate, with sudden temperature changes and frequent freeze-thaw cycles, even in the depths of winter. Climate change in the Atlantic region has not followed the national warming trend of the past century and, in fact, a slight cooling trend has been experienced over the past 50 years. In winter, snowfalls are often heavy, but the snow cover melts completely several times over the course of the winter In summer, it is warm, but not fiercely hot. Coastal cities are also subject to the influence of the humid Atlantic air for the greater part of the year. The closer you come to the ocean, the greater the sea's moderating effect on temperatures: it tends to make summers a little cooler and winters a little milder. More about Climate of Atlantic Region Atlantic Canada is particularly vulnerable, however, to rising sea levels. The significant impacts could include greater risk of floods, coastal erosion, coastal sedimentation, and reductions in sea and river ice. The cold Labrador ocean current and warm Gulf Stream current effect the climate of Atlantic Region. Climate of Saint John’s, New Foundland The climate of St. John is changing rapidly. The 20th Century has been the warmest globally in the past 600 years with the 1980s and 1990s the warmest decades on record The frogs are formed by the intersect of Labrador ocean current and Gulf Stream current St. John gets the hardest hit by the storm Average Temperature : 4.7 C Total Precipitation : 1191 mm Click here to see the weather or St. John’s. This is a picture of a mall in Saint John’s. It is flooding during the Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2001) Saint John’s, Climate Graph Saint John, Newfoundland 400 30 350 20 Aug July Sept June 300 10 Oct Nov Apr 250 0 Dec Mar Jan Feb 200 -10 Oct 150 100 Mar 50 Sept Apr May Jan Nov June Dec -20 Aug July -30 -40 Feb 0 -50 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Months Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Temperature (C) Precipitation (mm) May Climate of Fredericton, New Brunswick Fredericton enjoys a mild climate compared to most of Canada, Flooding occurs during the spring of most years on area rivers and affects the city's low lying neighborhoods. Average Temperature : 5.3 C Total Precipitation : 885.2 mm Click here to see the weather of Fredericton. Fredericton’s Climate Graph Frederiction 400 30 350 July 20 Aug June Sept May 300 10 Oct Nov 250 0 Mar Jan 200 Dec Feb -10 150 -20 Mar Apr 100 May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec -30 Jan 50 -40 0 Jan Feb Feb -50 Mar Apr May June July Months Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Temperature(C) Precipitation (mm) Apr Climate of Halifax, Nova Scotia Halifax's climate is less severe than might be expected because of the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. Winter temperatures are higher and summer temperatures are lower than those encountered in towns farther inland Halifax has an eastern-maritime climate, with a short, warm summer and a cold winter. Disturbed, changeable weather is common throughout the year. Sunshine is somewhat less common in Halifax than in most Canadian cities owing to Nova Scotia's notorious fogs. Halifax has over 100 days of mist or fog each year. Average Temperature : 7.2 C Total precipitation : 1356.1 mm Click here to see the weather of Halifax Climate Graph of Halifax, Nova Scotia Halifax 400 30 350 20 Aug July Sept June 300 May Oct 10 250 Nov Mar 0 Dec Feb Jan 200 -10 Nov 150 100 Mar Apr Dec Oct May June Jan July Aug -20 Sept -30 50 -40 Feb 0 -50 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Months Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Temperature (C) Precipitation (mm) Apr Climate of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island There are a lot of precipitation and floods in Charlottetown Average Temperature : 5.3C Total Precipitation : 1173.4 Click here to see the weather of Charlottetown This is a picture of flooding in Charlottetown Climate Graph of Charlottetown, PEI be r D ec em be r O N ov em ct ob er be r Se pt em t Au gu s Ju ly M ay Ap ri l Ju ne h ar c M Fe br ar y Ja nu ar y Charlottetown 400 30 350 July June September April 250 10 October November 0 December March January Febrary 200 -10 150 -20 March 100 May April June July December November October AugustSeptember -30 January 50 -40 Months D ec em be r be r N ov em O ct o be r be r te m Se p Au gu st Ju ly Ju ne ay M Ap ri l h -50 ar c M ry Febrary Fe br a 0 Temperature in (C) May Ja nu ar y Precipitation (mm) 300 20 August Potential Regional Impacts in Atlantic Region With the sea level rise anticipated in this region in the future, storm surges may flood areas never flooded before. Changes in ice-free days could allow easier transportation by sea and reduce the risk of iceberg impact on offshore structures. Many coastal communities in Atlantic Canada may face increased flooding as a result of storm surges overflowing dykes and sea walls. Icebergs that drift south in the Labrador Current may melt sooner as the southern melt limit moves farther north. Tree blow down may increase in forests, as storms may become more frequent and intense. Atlantic Provinces: Soils Rock by: Marlayna, Tony, Terushige, & Abencio. Soil made Mostly of Rock. Quick Time™a nd a TIFF ( Unco mpre ssed ) dec ompr esso r ar e nee ded to see this pictur e. Quick Time™a nd a TIFF ( Unco mpre ssed ) dec ompr esso r ar e nee ded to see this pictur e. Quick Time™a nd a TIFF ( Unco mpre ssed ) dec ompr esso r ar e nee ded to see this pictur e. Podzolic Most of the southern Maritimes (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and PrinceEdward-Island) are made up of Podzolic soil with a little bit of luvisole as well. In the north (New Found Land and Labrador) the soil is mainly made up of Podzolic with a little more Rock mainly on the shorelin es. Podzolic soils are found under conife rous forests and have all their nutrients and organic matter (mainly aluminum and iron), which normally would have been found in the topsoil (horizon A), in the subsoil (horizon B) due to leaching which is very common because of the rainy weather in the maritime provinces. The luvisolic soil, found scarcely throughout the southern Atlantic Provinces, develops under the forest-grassland vegetation found in areas with a cool and damp climate. It is mainly made up of clay and is therefore quite a bit more solid, but not as firm as the rock we find throughout Newfoundland. Hrizon B Is darker and Richer than Horizon A due to Leaching. Luvisol Soil made Up mostly Of ClayDenser due To smaller Particles. Atlantic Provinces: Natural Vegetation QuickTime™ and a TIFF (U ncompres sed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. By: Marlayna, tony, terushige & Abencio. The natural vegetation and distribution of the forests is quite different between the lower Atlantic Provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Princ e-Edward-Island) and the higher province s (Newfoundland and Labrador). The specific natural vegetation in the Maritimes is caused by the differen ce in placement, soil types and of course the unique climat e of the area. First off, in Newfoundland and Labrado r, most of the vegetation is Light Bo real- Forest and Ba rren. This mean s that there are very scarcely placed forests of white spruce, clack spruce and tamarack in the area. However, in some areas of the North-East an d South-West of Newfoundland and in the North of Labrador there are areas which are Bor eal (predominantly forest) with white spruce, black spruc e, bals am fir, jack pin e, white birch, trembling aspen, etc. The forests in this provinc e have a variety of dif ferent tree types because of the soil and the amount of rain and precipitation the area has. It is not good for growing smaller vegetation due to the immense amount of leaching, but is v ery good when growing lar ge trees with deep roots because of the vast amount of water availabl e to help them grow. Despite the cool, moist climat e, there are many barren spaces in the north simply because of the soil being m ostly rock not permitting any forests or vegetation of an y sort to be grown. In the three southern provinces, the weather permits the budding and growt h of larger trees with deep roots due to the fact that the soilsΥnutrients are found in the B horizon instea d of the A. This is the reason, as well as the very moist climate, that you will find many Acadia n forests in these province s. The trees youΥdexpect to find here are Red spruce, bals am fir, maple and yellow birch. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (U ncompressed) decompressor are needed to see thi s picture. Acadian forests found in Nova Scotia, New Brunskwick and PEI. This type of forest has many different types of trees, spaced closely together. They are large, strong trees, with thick trunks that live a long time. These are found in areas with rich soil and a lot of precipitation. Forests of The Atlantic Provinces by: Marlayna Borial forests are found In Newfoundland mostly. These trees form big forests with different types of trees in numerous areas because of the various soils.The trees in these forests are very tall. There is some barren land due to the rock and clay soil in and around the forests in the area. The population of Atlantic Region and each provinces The population of Atlantic Region was 2,340,665 on January 1st. - Newfoundland; 514,409. - Prince Edward Island; 138,157. - Nova Scotia; 936,988. - New Brunswick; 751,111. Why people living in Atlantic Region? Atlantic region is good fo r fishing, hinting, and there are many forest. People cut trees to make paper, furniture, pulp, cardboard, and etc. Also this region is close to ocean, and has oil and gas. There are two main off shore drilling rigs for oil and gas in this region. One is around Nova Scotia and one is around Newfoundland. Also they have drills in the ocean and it very expensive to drill from ocean but it will bring a lot of money. So Atlantic region is good place to live. Weather The ocean helps the temperature to make milder or cooler. Sometimes ocean bring the storms or bad weather. Each provinces has own pattern of weather. Newfoundland is one of the foggiest places in the region, Nova Scotia is the warmest because of the ocean's effect on the weather, and in New Brunswick is ocean doesn’t effect the weather because it’s farthest province in the Atlantic region. P.E.I. is the only province that is completely surrounded by water. P.E.I.'s weather can change suddenly due to its' location in the region. History of Atlantic Region There are high population of British and French people in the Atlantic Region, because they came to Canada long time ago and people started to living in this Atlantic region. Population density map QuickTi meý Dz Ç »Çµ êLí£ÉvÉçÉOÉâÉÄ Ç ™Ç ±Ç ÃÉsÉN É`ÉÉÇ ¾å© Ç ÈÇ žÇ ½Ç …Ç ÕïKóvÇ Ç • ÅB There are high population density in around the south of Atlantic region, especially in the Nova Scotia, P.E.I. and Newfoundland. In Newfoundland, There are not many people on the south and north-west coast. However in the far east there is a part of the island with a very high density. In the southern proinces, there are a lot of people. However, the area with the most people is Nova Scotia where it is almost all blue (high density). Bibliography VIA Rail Canada Inc, “Weather and climate for the Atlantic region” [Internet] 1995. Available : www.viarail.ca [2006. May 26] Author Unknown, “Regional Aspects of Climate Change” [Internet] 2002, February 12. Avaliable : http://adaptation.nrcan.gc.ca [2006. May 26] Population Pyramid This represent of the population pyramid of Atlantic region. There is baby boom between age Baby boom of 30 to 60 and baby Baby bust bust less than age of 30. The babyboom echo is not yet visible in the maratimes. Bibliography http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/060328 /d060328e.htm http://www.phacaspc.gc.ca/canada/regions/atlantic/Publicati ons/Shifting_sands/1_e.html http://webacc.fsd38.ab.ca/schools/Gibson/m ilz/geography/atlantic_maritime_sw/atlantic _maritime1.htm