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Anatomy & Physiology 2
Summer 2004
Chapter 22 – Lymphatics and Immunity
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 22.1 The Components of the Lymphatic
System
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Figure 22.1
Figure 22.2 Lymphatic Capillaries
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Figure 22.2a, b
Figure 22.3 Lymphatic Vessels and Valves
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Figure 22.3a, b
Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the
Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System
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Figure 22.4a
Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the
Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System
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Figure 22.4b
Figure 22.6 Lymphoid Nodules
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Figure 22.6
Figure 22.7 The Structure of a Lymph Node
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Figure 22.7
Figure 22.5 The Derivation and Distribution of
Lymphocytes
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Figure 22.5a-c
Lymphatic system and body defenses
• Nonspecific defenses –
• Specific defenses-
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Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses
(Part 1 - Physical Barriers)
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Figure 22.10
Nonspecific Defenses, Phagocytes
• Remove cellular debris and respond to invasion
by foreign pathogens
• Monocyte-macrophage system - Fixed and free
• Microphages – Neutrophils and eosinophils
• Move by diapedesis
• Exhibit chemotaxis
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Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses
(Part 2 - Phagocytes)
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Figure 22.10
Figure 22.13 Inflammation
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Figure 22.13
Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses
(Part 7 - Fever)
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Figure 22.10
Figure 22.14 Types of Immunity
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Figure 22.14
Properties of immunity
• Specificity – activated by and responds to a
specific antigen
• Versatility – is ready to confront any antigen at
any time
• Memory – “remembers” any antigen it has
encountered
• Tolerance – responds to foreign substances but
ignores normal tissues
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The immune system response
• Antigen triggers an immune response
• Activates T cells and B cells
• T cells are activated after phagocytes exposed
to antigen
• T cells attack the antigen and stimulate B cells
• Activated B cells mature and produce antibody
• Antibody attacks antigen
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Figure 22.15 An Overview of the Immune
Response
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Figure 22.15
Major types of T cells
• Cytotoxic T cells (TC) – attack foreign cells
• Helper T cells (TH) – activate other T cells and B
cells
• Suppressor T cells (TS) – inhibit the activation of
T and B cells
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Figure 22.16 Antigens and MHC Proteins
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Figure 22.16
Figure 22.16 Antigens and MHC Proteins
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Figure 22.16b
Figure 22.17 Antigen Recognition and the
Activation of Cytotoxic T Cells
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Figure 22.17
Figure 22.17 Antigen Recognition and the
Activation of Cytotoxic T Cells
PLAY
Animation: Cytotoxic T Cell Activation
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Figure 22.17
Figure 22.18 Antigen Recognition and
Activation of Helper T cells
PLAY
Animation: Antigen Recognition and Helper T Cell Activation
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Figure 22.18
Figure 22.19 A Summary of the Pathways of T
Cell Activation
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Figure 22.19
Figure 22.20 The Sensitization and Activation of
B Cells
PLAY
Animation: B Cells and Antibody Production
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Figure 22.20
Figure 22.21 Antibody Structure
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Figure 22.21
Figure 22.21 Antibody Structure
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Figure 22.21a
Figure 22.21 Antibody Structure
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Figure 22.21b-d
Actions of antibodies include:
• Neutralization
• Agglutination and precipitation
• Activation of complement
• Attraction of phagocytes
• Opsinization
• Stimulation of inflammation
• Prevention of adhesion
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Figure 22.22 The Primary and Secondary
Immune Responses
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Figure 22.22
Figure 22.23 An Integrated Summary of the
Immune Response
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Figure 22.23
Figure 22.25 The Course of the Body’s Response
to Bacterial Infection
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Figure 22.25a, b