Download right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

Chapter 2: Blood circulation
HUMAN HEART
jantung
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Lukis jantung 4 segi
Bahagi kepada 4 bahagian (atas lebih kecil)
Lukis 4 salur darah
Label 4 salur darah
Label atrium & ventrikel
Label salur darah dari mana nak ke mana
Label tekanan (tinggi atau rendah) pada salur darah
Lukis anak panah pergerakan darah (mula dari VC)
Label oxygenated & deoxygenated blood pada semua
salur darah
• Label Triscupid valve, semilunar valve & bicuspid valve)
FUNCTION
• The heart functions as strong muscular pump to:
• collect deoxygenated blood (lacking oxygen) from the rest of
the body. Then, this blood is pumped from the heart to the
lungs to enriched with oxygen.
• Collect oxygenated blood (enriched with oxygen) from the
lungs. Then this blood is pumped out of the heart to be
transported throughout the body.
• the heart also plays a role in the human
circulatory system to:
– transport nutrients and oxygen to the body
– transport excretory products such as carbon dioxide, urea and
water from the body cells to be removed from the body.
SIMPLE Human heart
A
PA
Right Atrium
VC
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
BLOOD CIRCULATION
1.Salur darah - VC-PA-A-PV
2.Artery-blood out of the heart, HP, lumen-small, vein – blood into heart, LP, lumen-large
3.Valve – tv, sv, sv, bv.
4.H – L – H – pulmonary circulation
5.H-ALL-H – systemic circulation
PV
MY HEART
Heart
Three types of valves.
• bicuspid valve (or mitral valve) controls the one way
blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
• The tricuspid valve controls the one way blood flow
from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
• The semilunar valve controls the one way blood
flow from the left ventricle to the aorta as well as
from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
Three types of valves
MY HEART
Blood Vessel
– Artery
• Arteries transport blood from the heart.
• Arteries have thick, muscled wall which are elastic to withstand the high blood
pressure inside.
• The aorta is the largest artery. Its transport blood out of the heart. The aorta
branches to form arteries.
– Vein
• veins transport blood into the heart.
• Veins have thin walls, are less muscular and elastic.
• The vena cava is the largest vein. It transports blood back to the heart.
– blood capillary
• capillaries connect arteries to veins.
• A capillary is a very fine blood vessel. It has a permeable membrane that is
very thin, as it is only one cell thick. This facilitates the exchange of gases,
digested food and excretory products through its walls.
Blood vessel PMR 04, 05
• Artery
• Vein
• Blood Capillary
BLOOD VESSEL IN HUMAN
Blood vessel
Blood vessel
Blood vessel
Blood circulation PMR 04, 06, 07
• pulmonary circulation
– pulmonary circulation consists of
blood vessels that transport blood
from the lungs to the heart and vice
versa.
– The function of pulmonary circulation
is to ensure that blood with
insufficient oxygen receives a fresh
supply oxygen in the lung.
• systemic circulation
– systemic circulation consists of all
blood vessels involved in the
transport of blood from the heart to
all parts of the body, except the lungs
and back to the heart again.
PMR 2004
Kota Bharu /
Kota Lama
PMR 2004
Blood circulation
Blood circulation
Blood Circulation
BLOOD CIRCULATION
1.Salur darah - VC-PA-A-PV
2.Artery-blood out of the heart,
HP, lumen-small, vein – blood
into heart, LP, lumen-large
3.Valve – tv, sv, sv, bv.
4.H – L – H – pulmonary
circulation
5.H-ALL-H – systemic circulation
Blood contents
• blood plasma PMR 05
– contains blood cells and dissolved substances such as
minerals salts, digested food and gases.
– Plasma is the fluid component of blood which is light
yellow.
• red blood cells
– red blood cells have no nuclei.
known as erythrocytes
• white blood cells
White blood cells have nuclei.
known as leucocytes.
• platelets (blood clotting cells)
– platelets are small bits of cells in the blood that do not
have nuclei.
– Known as thrombocytes.
3
The types, functions and places of production as
well as destruction of blood cells.
Type
estimated size
presence of
nucleus
Function
place of
production
place of
destruction
life span
number per cubic
millimetre (mm )
red blood cell
8µm
white blood cell
10 µ m
platelet
2–3µm
no nucleus
have nucleus
no nucleus
transport oxygen
protects body
and carbon
from bacteria
dioxide
attack
short bone
bone marrow and
marrow such as
lymph node
rib and sternum
circulation of
liver and lymph
blood
a few days to
120 days
many months
about 5 million
about 7 million
helps clotting of
blood
bone marrow
circulation of
blood
10 days
about 250 thousand
Blood group
Compatibility of blood among blood donors and
recipients using ABO identification system PMR 06
The AB blood type is known as a universal
recipient.
The O blood type is known as a universal donor.
AB
can donate blood
to
AB
can receive blood
from
AB, A, O, B
A
A , AB
A, O
B
B, AB
B, O
O
AB, A, B, O
O
Blood group
Human blood groups
Transport system in plant PMR 08
Phloem and Xylem
• Phloem – outer – food ( s  r )
• Xylem – inner – water & mineral ( r  s )
A waxy white or colorless solid hydrocarbon mixture used to
make candles, wax paper, lubricants, and sealing materials.
Also called paraffin wax
PMR 2010
-The phloem tissues have been removed.
-The ring become swollen (upper part).
-GLUCOSE could not be transported downwards to
other parts of the plant.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Light
Humidity
Air movement
temperature
Test presence of water
•
Anhydrous copper sulphate (white  blue)
•
Anhydrous Cobalt chloride paper
(Blue  pink)
The effects of impurities on the physical characteristics of water
i. Boil at a temperature above 100ºC
ii. freeze at a temperature below 0ºC
Wilting
• When water enters the
cells of a plant, it exerts
pressure against the cell
wall.
• The cell become swollen
or turgid and provide
support the plant.
• When a plant
loses more water
than it absorbs,
the cells of the
plant lose their
turgidity
and
become soft or
flaccid. The flaccid cells are not
able to support the plant ad so it wilts.
Transpiration is a
process
in
which
water is lost in the
form of water. The
water
vapour
evaporates from the
leaves
of
plants
through stomata..
Transpiration
Transpiration
• Water evaporates from leaves
through small openings on the
leaves. The small openings are
called stomata.
• Small opening is enclosed by two
kidney-shaped guard cells.
• Close its stomata on hot
day to reduce the loss of
Important: to remove excess water
water by transpiration.
Transpiration
Transpirasi berlaku apabila stoma terbuka. 90% air tersejat (evaporates) daripada tumbuhan
melalui liang stoma. Gas oksigen dan karbon dioksida masuk dan keluar melalui stoma.
Dipetik dari buku teks Sains Tingkatan 2 m/s 125 Tahun 2002
Factors Transpiration
• The transpiration rate increase when the
– temperature increases- more rapidly in the higher temperature
– light intensity increases- more rapidly in the presence of light
– wind speed increases- more rapidly in windy condition
– humidity decreases- more rapidly in lower humidity
• A photometer is an apparatus which is used to measure the
rate of transpiration in plants. (bubble photometer and
weight photometer) PMR 08
MOGA DAPAT `A’ STRONG DALAM
PKBS, TRIAL & PMR 2013
• Selamat Berjaya 3 Al-Zahrawi 2013
Penutup
1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr
2. Tasbih Kifarah.