Download 5 Joints and Fractures flashcards

Joints and Fractures Flashcards
1. Define Comminuted fracture
2. Define Greenstick fracture
3. What is an epiphyseal fracture?
4. What fracture is the least serious?
Describe.
5. What type of fracture is when the bone
does not break through the skin?
6. What type of fracture is when the bone
breaks through the skin?
7. Which fractures require hospitalization
with IV antibiotics?
8. What is an avulsion fracture?
Comminuted: bone shatters into many small
pieces (at least 3). Bone graft might be needed.
Greenstick: Breaks on one side, bowstrings on
other. Most common in children; like breaking a
green twig, it’s not completely broken. Bones in
children are not fully mineralized.
Epiphyseal: break occurs across epiphyseal plate;
usually causes the bone to grow crooked.
Stress fracture: tiny, almost invisible breaks on
outer surface on shaft/bone. Usually from
overexertion.
Simple (closed) fracture
Compound (open) fracture: Bone breaks and goes
through skin. Increased chance of infections,
which can be life-threatening.
Compound (open)
A strong muscle contraction pulls a piece of bone
off where the muscle attaches to that bone.
Example is a groin injury with avulsion fracture
9. What is an impacted fracture?
Pressure was exerted on both ends of the SAME
bone. Often seen in femur after falling from a
height.
10. Define COMPRESSION fracture
Compression: TWO bones are forced together,
and bone is crushed, like the vertebrae in
osteoporosis.
11. What is a depression fracture?
When a blunt object crushes a bone, depressing it,
such as skull fracture.
12. What is the difference between a
FIBROUS JOINTS
fibrous joint and a fibrocartilage joint? Are connected by fibrous connective tissue (not
cartilage)
FIBROCARTILAGE JOINTS
Are connected by fibrocartilage (not connective
tissue).
13. Which fibrous joints are immovable?
Sutures and gomphosis
What movement classification are they? They are synarthrotic (immoveable)
14. Which fibrous joints are moveable?
What movement classification are they?
15. What type of tissue is found in a
syndesmosis?
16. What type of joint classification
permits only slight degrees of
movement (partially movable)?
Syndesmosis (ligament)
It is amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable)
Fibrous connective tissue
Amphiarthrotic
Joints and Fractures Flashcards
17. What are the three types of
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS?
18. SYNCHONDROSIS
 How much movement is
present?
 Give an example
19. What type of tissue is found in a
synchondrosis?
20. Define SYMPHYSIS
 How much movement is present?
 Give two examples
SYNCHONDROSIS
SYMPHYSIS
SYNOVIAL
SYNCHONDROSIS
 No movement (Synarthrotic)
 Example is epiphyseal plate (growth plates in
children).
Hyaline cartilage




SYMPHYSIS
Fibrocartilage, between bones.
Moves a little (amphiarthrotic)
Examples are pubic symphysis and
intervertebral discs.
21. What joints are classified as having no
movement?

22. What is the main thing that stabilizes
the hip joint?
23. Why do ligaments take a long time to
heal if torn?

24. What is a tear in a ligament is called?
25. What is a tear in a muscle called?
26. What will heal faster – a sprain or
strain?
27. What are MENISCI and what type of
tissue are they?



28. In the knee joint, what are the main
ligaments that keep the knee from moving
medially to laterally?
29. Define BURSA and its function
30. What’s an inflamed bursa called?


Suture (between skull bones), gomphosis
(tooth socket), and synchondrosis (epiphyseal
plate).
The ligaments around the head of the femur
(not the little one on the fovea capitis).
Take a long time to heal because they do not
have blood vessels of their own, like bones do.
They already have enough fibroblasts and
collagen, though, so they eventually can heal.
A torn ligament is a sprain.
A torn muscle is a strain
A strain will heal faster because it has a better
blood supply
Fibrocartilage
Menisci are fibrocartilage pads in some joints
( knee). Acts as a guide for movement of
joints to prevent unwanted movement such as
lateral movement in the knee. (Common
injury)
The collateral ligaments
31. Name the 3 Types of ARTHRITIS
we discussed




A bursa is a sack of synovial fluid that does
not need to be attached to any bone.
 Bursitis
ARTHRITIS: (“itis” means inflammation; “artho”
means joint).
1. OSTEOARTHRITIS
2. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
3. GOUTY ARTHRITIS
Joints and Fractures Flashcards
32. What is osteoarthritis?
A chronic disorder of joints in which the articular
cartilages degenerate and bony spurs form
33. Which type of arthritis is characterized by OSTEOARTHRITIS
bone spurs?
What is known as “wear and tear” arthritis?
OSTEOARTHRITIS
What is the most common disorder of
joints?
34. What causes RHEUMATOID
ARTHRITIS?
Is it characterized by bone spurs
(proliferative in nature) or is it
degenerative in nature?
35. What causes GOUTY ARTHRITIS
(gout).
 What triggers it?
 What is the process where gout
leads to pain?
 Is gout known for producing bone
spurs?
36. What is Osteomalacia?
37. What part of children’s bones are
affected by osteomalacia?
38. Define Achondroplasia
39.
Define Chondromalacia
40. What are the three characteristics of
Paget’s disease?
41.
What type of arthritis causes the
vertebrae to bind strongly together,
limiting the flexibility of the spine?
OSTEOARTHRITIS
RA is not a disease of old age. It’s an
autoimmune disease where body attacks and destroys
the cartilage in synovial joints.
 It does NOT make many bone spurs; it is
degenerative in nature.
Gout is a genetic error in the metabolism of uric
acid.
An episode is triggered by eating too much red
meat or protein.
The breakdown product of proteins is urea, which
leads to uric acid crystals in the cooler areas of the
body, especially the MPJ’s (metatarsal-phalengeal
joints) of the base of the big toes. The crystals
poke the cartilage like needles.
**Gout is not known for spur formation, unlike
osteoarthritis.

Osteomalacia (“malformed bones”; Osteo=
bone; mal=bone) a genetic malformation of
the bones.Rickets is a type of osteomalacia
caused by lack of vitamin D (not genetic).
All types of Osteomalacia particularly affect the
epiphyseal plates (children).

Achondroplasia is a genetic condition
where the bones don’t develop properly and
causes a type of dwarfism. The epiphyseal
plates are affected
 Chondromalacia is a condition in which the
patella rubs on the femur in the knee joint.
excessive bone deposition (extra bone forms
outside of joint). More common in older persons,
and may be related to a viral infection.
Ankylosing Spondylitis